More Like this

1. Expression of interest for the CODEX-b detector

   https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-08711-3  

   Aielli, Giulio; Ben-Haim, Eli; Cardarelli, Roberto; Charles, Matthew John; Cid Vidal, Xabier; Coco, Victor; Dey, Biplab; Dumps, Raphael; Evans, Jared A.; Gibbons, George; et al (December 2020, The European Physical Journal C)

   null (Ed.)

   Abstract This document presents the physics case and ancillary studies for the proposed CODEX-b long-lived particle (LLP) detector, as well as for a smaller proof-of-concept demonstrator detector, CODEX- $$\beta $$ β , to be operated during Run 3 of the LHC. Our development of the CODEX-b physics case synthesizes ‘top-down’ and ‘bottom-up’ theoretical approaches, providing a detailed survey of both minimal and complete models featuring LLPs. Several of these models have not been studied previously, and for some others we amend studies from previous literature: In particular, for gluon and fermion-coupled axion-like particles. We moreover present updated simulations of expected backgrounds in CODEX-b’s actively shielded environment, including the effects of shielding propagation uncertainties, high-energy tails and variation in the shielding design. Initial results are also included from a background measurement and calibration campaign. A design overview is presented for the CODEX- $$\beta $$ β demonstrator detector, which will enable background calibration and detector design studies. Finally, we lay out brief studies of various design drivers of the CODEX-b experiment and potential extensions of the baseline design, including the physics case for a calorimeter element, precision timing, event tagging within LHCb, and precision low-momentum tracking. 

   more » « less
2. CODEX-b: Opening New Windows to the Long-Lived Particle Frontier at the LHC : ESPP Update Comprehensive summary

   CODEX-b (May 2025, arXiv:2505.05952)

   This document is written as a contribution to the European Strategy of Particle Physics (ESPP) update. We offer a detailed overview of current developments and future directions for the CODEX-b detector, which aims to detect long-lived particles beyond the Standard Model. We summarize the scientific motivation for this detector, advances in our suite of simulation and detector optimization frameworks, and examine expected challenges, costs, and timelines in realizing the full detector. Additionally, we describe the technical specifications for the smaller-scale demonstrator detector (CODEX-β) we have installed in the LHCb experimental cavern. Note: Input to the 2026 update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics. 10 pages + references + appendices. 8 figures, 5 tables. This submission draws heavily from the CODEX-b Snowmass contribution (arXiv:2203.07316 ), but makes additional points and is a standalone separate document. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2203.07316 

   more » « less
3. Ontogenetic biomechanics of tufted ( Sapajus ) and untufted ( Cebus ) capuchin mandibles

   https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.25006  

   Polvadore, Taylor A; Yoakum, Caitlin B; Taylor, Parker M; Holmes, Megan A; Laird, Myra F; Chalk‐Wilayto, Janine; Kanno, Cláudia Misue; de_Oliveira, José Américo; Terhune, Claire E (July 2024, American Journal of Biological Anthropology)

   Abstract ObjectivesCortical bone geometry is commonly used to investigate biomechanical properties of primate mandibles. However, the ontogeny of these properties is less understood. Here we investigate changes in cortical bone cross‐sectional properties throughout capuchin ontogeny and compare captive versus wild, semi‐provisioned groups. Tufted capuchins (Sapajusspp.) are known to consume relatively hard/tough foods, while untufted capuchins (Cebusspp.) exploit less mechanically challenging foods. Previous research indicates dietary differences are present early in development and adultSapajusmandibles can resist higher bending/shear/torsional loads. Materials and methodsThis study utilized microCT scans of 22Cebusand 45Sapajusfrom early infancy to adulthood from three sample populations: one captiveCebus, one captiveSapajus, and one semi‐provisioned, free‐rangingSapajus. Mandibular cross‐sectional properties were calculated at the symphysis, P₃, and M₁. If the tooth had not erupted, its position within the crypt was used. A series of one‐way ANOVAs were performed to assess differences between and within the sample populations. ResultsMandible robusticity increases across ontogeny for all three sample populations.Sapajuswere better able to withstand bending and torsional loading even early in ontogeny, but no difference in shear resistance was found. Semi‐provisioned, free‐rangingSapajustend to show increased abilities to resist bending and torsional loading but not shear loading compared to captiveSapajus. DiscussionThis study helps advance our understanding of the primate masticatory system development and opens the door for further studies into adaptive plasticity in shaping the masticatory apparatus of capuchins and differences in captive versus free‐ranging sample populations. 

   more » « less
4. Energy calibration of germanium detectors for the Majorana Demonstrator

   https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/09/P09023  

   Arnquist, IJ; Avignone_III, FT; Barabash, AS; Barton, CJ; Bhimani, KH; Blalock, E; Bos, B; Busch, M; Buuck, M; Caldwell, TS; et al (September 2023, Journal of Instrumentation)

   Abstract TheMajorana Demonstratorwas a search for neutrinoless double-beta decay (0νββ) in the⁷⁶Ge isotope. It was staged at the 4850-foot level of the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, SD. The experiment consisted of 58 germanium detectors housed in a low background shield and was calibrated once per week by deploying a²²⁸Th line source for 1 to 2 hours. The energy scale calibration determination for the detector array was automated using custom analysis tools. We describe the offline procedure for calibration of theDemonstratorgermanium detectors, including the simultaneous fitting of multiple spectral peaks, estimation of energy scale uncertainties, and the automation of the calibration procedure. 

   more » « less
5. Patterns of early embryogenesis and growth in the olfactory system of chick ( Gallus gallus domesticus ) based on iodine‐enhanced micro‐computed tomography

   https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.746  

   Hogan, Aneila_V C; Cerio, Donald G; Bever, Gabriel S (September 2024, Developmental Dynamics)

   Abstract BackgroundThe vertebrate olfactory system entails a complex set of neural/support structures that bridge morphogenetic regions. The developmental mechanisms coordinating this bridge remain unclear, even for model organisms such as chick,Gallus gallus. Here, we combine previous growth data on the chick olfactory apparatus with new samples targeting its early embryogenesis. The purpose is to illuminate how early developmental dynamics integrate with scaling relationships to produce adult form and, potentially, evolutionary patterns. Olfactory structures, including epithelium, turbinate, nerve, and olfactory bulb, are considered in the context of neighboring nasal and brain structures. ResultsAxonal outgrowth from the olfactory epithelium, which eventually connects receptor neurons with the brain, begins earlier than previously established. This dynamic marks the beginning of a complex pattern of early differential growth wherein the olfactory bulbs scale with positive allometry relative to both brain volume and turbinate area, which in turn scale isometrically with one another. ConclusionsThe mechanisms driving observed patterns of organogenesis and growth remain unclear awaiting experimental evidence. We discuss competing hypotheses, including the possibility that broad‐based isometry of olfactory components reflects constraints imposed by high levels of functional/structural integration. Such integration would include the frontonasal prominence having a strong influence on telencephalic patterning. 

   more » « less