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Abstract The seismic moments observed for low‐frequency earthquakes (LFEs) vary over multiple orders of magnitude, even where the LFEs occur within families of similar events. Although this variability is typically interpreted to record a scale‐limited process at the LFE source, neither the slip per LFE nor the rupture area can be determined from seismological constraints. Here, we examine incrementally developed slickenfibers that have been proposed to record LFEs in exhumed subduction zones. These structures form through repeated, micron‐scale slip events across dilational irregularities in the fault plane, which are punctuated by cementation and sealing in the interstitial space. By statistically analyzing the geometry of inclusion trails delineating slip‐parallel mineral‐growth increments, we constrain the variability in slip per inferred LFE and test end‐member hypotheses regarding the controls on LFE moments. We find that that the slickenfibers exhibit characteristic slip increments, favoring a “slip‐limited” model that requires large variability in LFE rupture areas.
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Detection of Hidden Low-Frequency Earthquakes in Southern Vancouver Island with Deep Learning
Low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs) are small-magnitude earthquakes that are depleted in high-frequency content relative to traditional earthquakes of the same magnitude. These events occur in conjunction with slow slip events (SSEs) and can be used to infer the space and time evolution of SSEs. However, because LFEs have weak signals, and the methods used to identify them are computationally expensive, LFEs are not routinely cataloged in most places. Here, we develop a deep-learning model that learns from an existing LFE catalog to detect LFEs in 14 years of continuous waveform data in southern Vancouver Island. The result shows significant increases in detection rates at individual stations. We associate the detections and locate them using a grid search approach in a 3D regional velocity model, resulting in over 1 million LFEs during the performing period. Our resulting catalog is consistent with a widely used tremor catalog during periods of large-magnitude SSEs. However, there are time periods where it registers far more LFEs than the tremor catalog. We highlight a 16-day period in May 2010, when our model detects nearly 3,000 LFEs, whereas the tremor catalog contains only one tremor detection in the same region. This suggests the possibility of hidden small-magnitude SSEs that are undetected by current approaches. Our approach improves the temporal and spatial resolution of the LFE activities and provides new opportunities to understand deep subduction zone processes in this region.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1848302
- PAR ID:
- 10628326
- Publisher / Repository:
- Seismica
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Seismica
- Volume:
- 2
- Issue:
- 4
- ISSN:
- 2816-9387
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.26443/seismica.v2i4.1134
