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The 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake sequence significantly impacted southeastern Türkiye. A comprehensive field investigation of 40 cone penetration tests and 7 seismic cone penetration tests was conducted to characterize the subsurface conditions of several areas affected by liquefaction in the port city of İskenderun. The investigations were performed at a key seismic station in the area, five areas with differing liquefaction-induced building settlements, and three lateral spread sites. The reclaimed shoreline area, which exhibited the most significant liquefaction effects, is underlain by thick medium dense clean sand deposits. Ground shaking characteristics in the investigated areas are estimated and essential subsurface data for developing high-quality field case histories are developed to support studies of liquefaction triggering and effects in İskenderun. In this context, it contributes to advancing liquefaction engineering and informs seismic hazard mitigation strategies in urban areas. 

NorSand is a widely used constitutive model in geotechnical engineering. This study identifies challenges in simulating stress-relief stress paths, such as constant shear drained (CSD) loading, using NorSand, and proposes modifications to address them. These stress paths are particularly relevant in the assessment of dams and tailings storage facilities, as evidenced by case history failures. An experimental dataset of triaxial and CSD tests on a mine tailings material is used to highlight stress-relief mechanisms and contextualize the challenges associated with the flow rule, hardening rule, and the planar inner cap geometry in the standard NorSand model. The proposed modifications, informed by experimental observations on instability onset and strain evolution during CSD tests, introduce a new inner cap geometry, a modified flow rule, and a refined hardening rule. Their effectiveness is evaluated through comparisons between experimental and numerical responses, demonstrating that the updated model reproduces the experimentally observed patterns. Additionally, the performance of the updated NorSand model in a system-level simulation of a dam subjected to a rising water table, a stress-relief scenario, is also illustrated, further highlighting the role of the proposed modifications. More broadly, this study contributes to performance-based assessments of dam systems, aligning with modern engineering standards. 

This dataset comprises a subsurface characterization of key liquefaction areas in Golbasi, Türkiye, following the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş earthquake sequence. Field testing was conducted from October 30th to November 10th, 2023. The dataset includes Cone Penetration Tests (CPT) as well as borehole sampling and incorporates pore pressure dissipation measurements and standard CPT readings. High-quality subsurface investigations, such as this dataset, are a key component of liquefaction case histories. As such, this data is vital for future analyses of liquefaction-induced building settlements, building-ground interactions, and liquefaction-induced ground deformations resulting from the Kahramanmaraş earthquake sequence. 

This dataset comprises a subsurface characterization of key liquefaction areas in İskenderun, Türkiye, following the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş earthquake sequence. Field testing was conducted from March 18 to March 27, 2024. The dataset includes Cone Penetration Tests (CPT) as well as seismic CPTs (SCPT) and incorporates pore pressure dissipation measurements, shear wave velocities, and standard CPT readings. High-quality subsurface investigations, such as this dataset, are a key component of liquefaction case histories. As such, this data is vital for future analyses of liquefaction-induced building settlements, building-ground interactions, and liquefaction-induced ground deformations resulting from the Kahramanmaraş earthquake sequence.