skip to main content


Search for: All records

Award ID contains: 1740765

Note: When clicking on a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) number, you will be taken to an external site maintained by the publisher. Some full text articles may not yet be available without a charge during the embargo (administrative interval).
What is a DOI Number?

Some links on this page may take you to non-federal websites. Their policies may differ from this site.

  1. null (Ed.)
    Student perceptions of the complete online transition of two CS courses in response to the COVID-19 pandemic Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, universities across the globe switched from traditional Face-to-Face (F2F) course delivery to completely online. Our university declared during our Spring break that students would not return to campus, and that all courses must be delivered fully online starting two weeks later. This was challenging to both students and instructors. In this evidence-based practice paper, we present results of end-of-semester student surveys from two Spring 2020 CS courses: a programming intensive CS2 course, and a senior theory course in Formal Languages and Automata (FLA). Students indicated course components they perceived as most beneficial to their learning, before and then after the online transition, and preferences for each regarding online vs. F2F. By comparing student reactions across courses, we gain insights on which components are easily adapted to online delivery, and which require further innovation. COVID was unfortunate, but gave a rare opportunity to compare students’ reflections on F2F instruction with online instructional materials for half a semester vs. entirely online delivery of the same course during the second half. The circumstances are unique, but we were able to acquire insights for future instruction. Some course components were perceived to be more useful either before or after the transition, and preferences were not the same in the two courses, possibly due to differences in the courses. Students in both courses found prerecorded asynchronous lectures significantly less useful than in-person lectures. For CS2, online office hours were significantly less useful than in-person office hours, but we found no significant difference in FLA. CS2 students felt less supported by their instructor after the online transition, but no significant difference was indicated by FLA students. FLA students found unproctored online exams offered through Canvas more stressful than in-person proctored exams, but the opposite was indicated by CS2 students. CS2 students indicated that visual materials from an eTextbook were more useful to them after going online than before, but FLA students indicated no significant difference. Overall, students in FLA significantly preferred the traditional F2F version of the course, while no significant difference was detected for CS2 students. We did not find significant effects from gender on the preference of one mode over the other. A serendipitous outcome was learning that some changes forced by circumstance should be considered for long term adoption. Offering online lab sessions and online exams where the questions are primarily multiple choice are possible candidates. However, we found that students need to feel the presence of their instructor to feel properly supported. To determine what course components need further improvement before transitioning to fully online mode, we computed a logistic regression model. The dependent variable is the student's preference for F2F or fully online. The independent variables are the course components before and after the online transition. For both courses, in-person lectures were a significant factor negatively affecting students' preferences of the fully online mode. Similarly, for CS2, in-person labs and in-person office hours were significant factors pushing students’ preferences toward F2F mode. 
    more » « less
  2. null (Ed.)
    The CS Education community has developed many educational tools in recent years, such as interactive exercises. Often the developer makes them freely available for use, hosted on their own server, and usually they are directly accessible within the instructor's LMS through the LTI protocol. As convenient as this can be, instructors using these third-party tools for their courses can experience issues related to data access and privacy concerns. The tools typically collect clickstream data on student use. But they might not make it easy for the instructor to access these data, and the institution might be concerned about privacy violations. While the developers might allow and even support local installation of the tool, this can be a difficult process unless the tool carefully designed for third-party installation. And integration of small tools within larger frameworks (like a type of interactive exercise within an eTextbook framework) is also difficult without proper design. This paper describes an ongoing containerization effort for the OpenDSA eTextbook project. Our goal is both to serve our needs by creating an easier-to-manage decomposition of the many tools and sub-servers required by this complex system, and also to provide an easily installable production environment that instructors can run locally. This new system provides better access to developer-level data analysis tools and potentially removes many FERPA-related privacy concerns. We also describe our efforts to integrate Caliper Analytics into OpenDSA to expand the data collection and analysis services. We hope that our containerization architecture can help provide a roadmap for similar projects to follow 
    more » « less
  3. Textbooks for theory courses in CS tend to be heavy on prose and mathematics. We find that students do not engage such material, and skip or rush through it without understanding. To increase students level of engagement, we developed support within the OpenDSA eTextbook system support for creating materials based on the Programmed Instruction pedagogical paradigm. This requires near-constant activity by the student, who must read a little, ideally a sentence or a paragraph, and then answer a question or complete an exercise related to that information. Based on the question response, students are permitted to continue, or must retry to solve the exercise. Versions of the eTextbook have been used to teach the senior-level Formal Languages course at Virginia Tech for two semesters. In this demonstration, we show how students interact with material developed using the Programmed Instruction approach. 
    more » « less
  4. null (Ed.)
    Textbooks for theory courses in CS tend to be heavy on prose and mathematics. We find that students do not engage such material, and skip or rush through it without understanding. To increase students level of engagement, we developed support within the OpenDSA eTextbook system support for creating materials based on the Programmed Instruction pedagogical paradigm. This requires near-constant activity by the student, who must read a little, ideally a sentence or a paragraph, and then answer a question or complete an exercise related to that information. Based on the question response, students are permitted to continue, or must retry to solve the exercise. Versions of the eTextbook have been used to teach the senior-level Formal Languages course at Virginia Tech for two semesters. In this demonstration, we show how students interact with material developed using the Programmed Instruction approach. 
    more » « less
  5. null (Ed.)