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  1. Objective

    To examine the hypothesis that constant speed is more comfortable than variable speed profiles and may minimize cybersickness.

    Background

    Current best practices for virtual reality (VR) content creation suggest keeping any form of acceleration as short and infrequent as possible to mitigate cybersickness.

    Methods

    In Experiment 1, participants experienced repetitions of simulated linear motion, and in Experiment 2, they experienced repetitions of a circular motion. Three speed profiles were tested in each experiment. Each trial lasted 2 min while standing. Cybersickness was measured using the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) and operationally defined in terms of total severity scores. Postural stability was measured using a Wii Balance Board and operationally defined in terms of center of pressure (COP) path length. Postural measures were decomposed into anterior-posterior and medial-lateral axes and subjected to detrended fluctuation analysis.

    Results

    For both experiments, no significant differences were observed between the three speed profiles in terms of cybersickness or postural stability, and none of the baseline postural measures could predict SSQ scores for the speed profile conditions. An axis effect was observed in both experiments such that normalized COP movement was significantly greater along the anterior-posterior axis than the medial-lateral axis.

    Conclusion

    Results showed no convincing evidence to support the common belief that constant speed is more comfortable than variable speed profiles for scenarios typical of VR applications.

    Application

    The present findings offer guidelines for the design of locomotion techniques involving traversal in VR environments.

     
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  2. This paper presents a tracking controller for nonlinear systems with matched uncertainties based on contraction metrics and disturbance estimation that provides exponential convergence guarantees. Within the proposed approach, a disturbance estimator is proposed to estimate the pointwise value of the uncertainties, with a pre-computable estimation error bounds (EEB). The estimated disturbance and the EEB are then incorporated in a robust Riemannian energy condition to compute the control law that guarantees exponential convergence of actual state trajectories to desired ones. Simulation results on aircraft and planar quadrotor systems demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed controller, which yields better tracking performance than existing controllers for both systems. 
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  3. null (Ed.)