Search for: All records

Abstract Unconventional superconductors have Cooper pairs with lower symmetries than in conventional superconductors. In most unconventional superconductors, the additional symmetry breaking occurs in relation to typical ingredients such as strongly correlated Fermi liquid phases, magnetic fluctuations, or strong spin-orbit coupling in noncentrosymmetric structures. In this article, we show that the time-reversal symmetry breaking in the superconductor LaNiGa 2 is enabled by its previously unknown topological electronic band structure, with Dirac lines and a Dirac loop at the Fermi level. Two symmetry related Dirac points even remain degenerate under spin-orbit coupling. These unique topological features enable an unconventional superconducting gap in which time-reversal symmetry can be broken in the absence of other typical ingredients. Our findings provide a route to identify a new type of unconventional superconductors based on nonsymmorphic symmetries and will enable future discoveries of topological crystalline superconductors.

Here we report the synthesis and characterization of three quaternary complex chalcogenides, Ag 0.72 Bi 5.48 Cu 0.88 S 9 (I), Ag 0.70 Bi 5.30 Cu 1.3 S 9 (II), Ag 0.34 Bi 4.54 Cu 1.98 PbS 9 (III). All the compounds in this homologous series crystallize in the C 2 /m space group and can be described as Pavonite structures. This structure type consists of alternating NaCl-like layers with varied thickness ( n P ), separated by a pair of square pyramids. All the compounds reported here are synthetic analogues of the n = 4 pavonite family and are known as makovickyite minerals. Compounds I–III possess complex crystal structures, consisting of mixed occupancies of Bi/Ag/Pb sites, as well as partially occupied Cu sites. These intrinsic assets lead to ultra-low lattice thermal conductivities, in the range of 0.75–0.42 Wm −1 K −1 from 300–500 K, and make these materials promising candidates for thermoelectric applications. All three structures exhibit very narrow indirect band gaps of less than 0.5 eV as confirmed by DRS measurements. Charge transport properties are consistent with n-type semiconducting behavior with moderate electrical conductivities and large Seebeck coefficients. Low temperature electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficient measurements are alsomore »performed on II. A promising figure of merit, zT , of 0.09 for I and II, 0.11 for III can be achieved at 475 K.« less

Thermoelectric materials can convert heat into electricity. They are used to generate electricity when other power sources are not available or to increase energy efficiency by recycling waste heat. The Yb 21 Mn 4 Sb 18 phase was previously shown to have good thermoelectric performance due to its large Seebeck coefficient (∼290 μV K −1 ) and low thermal conductivity (0.4 W m −1 K −1 ). These characteristics stem respectively from the unique [Mn 4 Sb 10 ] 22− subunit and the large unit cell/site disorder inherent in this phase. The solid solutions, Yb 21 Mn 4− x Cd x Sb 18 ( x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5) and Yb 21− y Ca y Mn 4 Sb 18 ( y = 3, 6, 9, 10.5) have been prepared, their structures characterized and thermoelectric properties from room temperature to 800 K measured. A detailed look into the structural disorder for the Cd and Ca solid solutions was performed using synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction and pair distribution function methods and shows that these are highly disordered structures. The substitution of Cd gives rise to more metallic behavior whereas Ca substitution results in high resistivity. As both Cd and Ca aremore »isoelectronic substitutions, the changes in properties are attributed to changes in the electronic structure. Both solid solutions show that the thermal conductivities remain extremely low (∼0.4 W m −1 K −1 ) and that the Seebeck coefficients remain high (>200 μV K −1 ). The temperature dependence of the carrier mobility with increased Ca substitution, changing from approximately T −1 to T −0.5 , suggests that another scattering mechanism is being introduced. As the bonding changes from polar covalent with Yb to ionic for Ca, polar optical phonon scattering becomes the dominant mechanism. Experimental studies of the Cd solid solutions result in a max zT of ∼1 at 800 K and, more importantly for application purposes, a ZT avg ∼ 0.6 from 300 K to 800 K.« less

A rare-earth-containing compound, ytterbium aluminium antimonide, Yb 3 AlSb 3 (Ca 3 AlAs 3 -type structure), has been successfully synthesized within the Yb–Al–Sb system through flux methods. According to the Zintl formalism, this structure is nominally made up of (Yb 2+ ) 3 [(Al 1− )( 1b – Sb 2− ) 2 ( 2b – Sb 1− )], where 1b and 2b indicate 1-bonded and 2-bonded, respectively, and Al is treated as part of the covalent anionic network. The crystal structure features infinite corner-sharing AlSb 4 tetrahedra, [AlSb 2 Sb 2/2 ] 6− , with Yb 2+ cations residing between the tetrahedra to provide charge balance. Herein, the synthetic conditions, the crystal structure determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data, and electronic structure calculations are reported.

The Zintl phases, Yb 14 M Sb 11 ( M = Mn, Mg, Al, Zn), are now some of the highest thermoelectric efficiency p-type materials with stability above 873 K. Yb 14 MnSb 11 gained prominence as the first p-type thermoelectric material to double the efficiency of SiGe alloy, the heritage material in radioisotope thermoelectric generators used to power NASA’s deep space exploration. This study investigates the solid solution of Yb 14 Mg 1− x Al x Sb 11 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1), which enables a full mapping of the metal-to-semiconductor transition. Using a combined theoretical and experimental approach, we show that a second, high valley degeneracy ( N v = 8) band is responsible for the groundbreaking performance of Yb 14 M Sb 11 . This multiband understanding of the properties provides insight into other thermoelectric systems (La 3− x Te 4 , SnTe, Ag 9 AlSe 6 , and Eu 9 CdSb 9 ), and the model predicts that an increase in carrier concentration can lead to zT > 1.5 in Yb 14 M Sb 11 systems.