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            Use of structured roles to facilitate cooperative learning is an evidence-based practice that has been shown to improve student performance, attitude, and persistence. The combination of structured roles and activities also helps build students’ process skills including communication and metacognition. While these benefits have been shown in a variety of disciplines, most prior work has focused on in-person, synchronous settings, and few studies have looked at online, synchronous settings. With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, we need a better understanding of how cooperative learning takes place online and what differences may exist between online and in-person modalities. This work-in-progress serves to document our development of an observation protocol to help us answer research questions such as the following: Do group members participate equally? Do group members’ contributions match their role? How do groups connect and bond with each other? How do groups seek help?more » « less
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