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ABSTRACT When arranged in a metasurface, the collective enhancement of field interactions within scattering elements enables precise control over the incident light phase and amplitude. In this work, we analyze collective multipolar resonances in metasurfaces that arise from the spatially extended nature of electromagnetic interactions within these structures, with particular emphasis on MXene metasurfaces. This collective scattering leads to unique and tunable resonance behaviors that reach beyond the simple dipolar approximations, thus enabling advanced manipulation of light at subwavelength scales. We also explore resonances in the scatterers and metasurfaces made of different materials, categorizing them into lossy materials, including transition metal dichalcogenides and conventional metals, and high‐refractive‐index materials, such as silicon. We observe the excitation of MXene multipolar resonances across the visible‐ and infrared‐wavelength spectra and demonstrate their control through the design of scattering elements of the metasurface. We show that periodic lattice arrays support strong localized resonances through the collective response of individual nanoresonators and that one can control multipolar resonances by engineering metasurface nanoresonators and their distribution. 

Abstract Electron‐beam deposition stands as a versatile technique utilized for the accurate and controlled thin‐film deposition of a wide range of materials that readily undergo evaporation. However, silicon, a commonly used material, is prone to oxidation during the deposition process because of the presence of water vapors and oxygen in the chamber. To overcome this challenge, a tailored approach is developed that involves controlling the deposition conditions, including the base pressure in the chamber and the deposition rate. Silicon oxidation is successfully overcome, and this results in achieving refractive index values comparable to those obtained with alternative deposition methods for amorphous silicon. The research shows that the deposition conditions can be utilized effectively to tune the refractive index, providing flexibility in achieving the desired optical properties. It is demonstrated that Mie‐resonant metasurfaces exhibit strong collective resonances, driven by the coherent coupling of Mie modes within the periodic nanoantenna lattice, as evidenced by distinct spectral features in the scattering response. These resonances are observed to be highly tunable, with spectral shifts corresponding to controlled variations in the electron‐beam deposition parameters and silicon oxidation. The approach enables silicon deposition for metasurfaces, which presents exciting possibilities for tailoring and designing advanced nanostructures with unique optical characteristics. 

High-refractive-index nanoantennas have attracted significant attention lately because of the strong excitations of electric and magnetic resonances in these nanoantennas. Here, we theoretically investigate the excitation of multipolar Mie resonances in high-refractive-index nanoantennas that are immersed in a negative-index medium. Our analysis shows a significant enhancement of magnetic resonances in this case. Furthermore, the magnetic dipolar and quadrupolar resonances exhibit a π-shift compared to these magnetic resonances in a conventional medium, which stems from the “left-handedness” of the negative-index medium. As a result, the spectral regions where electric and magnetic resonances are in-phase or out-of-phase complement, or opposite, to those in a conventional medium. Most importantly, we demonstrate nanoantenna magnetic resonances in two practical cases of negative-index media realized with common materials, such as multilayer structures with surface waves with negative effective mode index and fishnet metamaterial. These findings represent significant progress toward the realization of hybrid emitting structures that exhibit transitions with both electric and magnetic dipolar characteristics and pave the way for greater flexibility in controlling radiation patterns from quantum emitters. 

Metasurfaces, composed of engineered nanoantennas, enable unprecedented control over electromagnetic waves by leveraging multipolar resonances to tailor light–matter interactions. This review explores key physical mechanisms that govern their optical properties, including the role of multipolar resonances in shaping metasurface responses, the emergence of bound states in the continuum (BICs) that support high-quality factor modes, and the Purcell effect, which enhances spontaneous emission rates at the nanoscale. These effects collectively underpin the design of advanced photonic devices with tailored spectral, angular, and polarization-dependent properties. This review discusses recent advances in metasurfaces and applications based on them, highlighting research that employs full-wave numerical simulations, analytical and semi-analytic techniques, multipolar decomposition, nanofabrication, and experimental characterization to explore the interplay of multipolar resonances, bound and quasi-bound states, and enhanced light–matter interactions. A particular focus is given to metasurface-enhanced photodetectors, where structured nanoantennas improve light absorption, spectral selectivity, and quantum efficiency. By integrating metasurfaces with conventional photodetector architectures, it is possible to enhance responsivity, engineer photocarrier generation rates, and even enable functionalities such as polarization-sensitive detection. The interplay between multipolar resonances, BICs, and emission control mechanisms provides a unified framework for designing next-generation optoelectronic devices. This review consolidates recent progress in these areas, emphasizing the potential of metasurface-based approaches for high-performance sensing, imaging, and energy-harvesting applications. 

We investigate the resonant characteristics of planar surfaces and distinct edges of structures with the excitation of phonon-polaritons. We analyze two materials supporting phonon-polariton excitations in the mid-infrared spectrum: silicon carbide, characterized by an almost isotropic dielectric constant, and hexagonal boron nitride, notable for its pronounced anisotropy in a spectral region exhibiting hyperbolic dispersion. We formulate a theoretical framework that accurately captures the excitations of the structure involving phonon-polaritons, predicts the response in scattering-type near-field optical microscopy, and is effective for complex resonant geometries where the locations of hot spots are uncertain. We account for the tapping motion of the probe, perform analysis for different heights of the probe, and demodulate the signal using a fast Fourier transform. Using this Fourier demodulation analysis, we show that light enhancement across the entire apex is the most accurate characteristic for describing the response of all resonant excitations and hot spots. We demonstrate that computing the demodulation orders of light enhancement in the microscope probe accurately predicts its imaging. 

Photonic metasurfaces and metastructures have revolutionized the manipulation of electromagnetic waves across diverse applications, from optical communication to sensing and stealth technology [...] 

The ability to treat the surface of an object with coatings that counteract the change in radiance resulting from the object’s blackbody emission can be very useful for applications requiring temperature-independent radiance behavior. Such a response is difficult to achieve with most materials except when using phase-change materials, which can undergo a drastic change in their optical response, nullifying the changes in blackbody radiation across a narrow range of temperatures. We report on the theoretical design, giving the possibility of extending the temperature range for temperature-independent radiance coatings by utilizing multiple layers, each comprising a different phase-change material. These designed multilayer coatings are based on thin films of samarium nickelate, vanadium dioxide, and doped vanadium oxide and cover temperatures ranging from room temperature to up to 140 °C. The coatings are numerically engineered in terms of layer thickness and doping, with each successive layer comprising a phase-change material with progressively higher transition temperatures than those below. Our calculations demonstrate that the optimized thin film multilayers exhibit a negligible change in the apparent temperature of the engineered surface. These engineered multilayer films can be used to mask an object’s thermal radiation emission against thermal imaging systems. 

We report on the structural, chemical, and optical properties of titanium sesquioxide Ti2O3 thin films on single-crystal sapphire substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The thin film of Ti2O3 on sapphire exhibits light absorption of around 25%–45% in the wavelength range of 2–10 μm. Here, we design an infrared photodetector structure based on Ti2O3, enhanced by a resonant metasurface, to improve its light absorption in mid-wave and long-wave infrared windows. We show that light absorption in the mid-wave infrared window (wavelength 3–5 μm) in the active Ti2O3 layer can be significantly enhanced from 30%–40% to more than 80% utilizing a thin resonant metasurface made of low-loss silicon, facilitating efficient scattering in the active layer. Furthermore, we compare the absorptance of the Ti2O3 layer with that of conventional semiconductors, such as InSb, InAs, and HgCdTe, operating in the infrared range with a wavelength of 2–10 μm and demonstrate that the absorption in the Ti2O3 film is significantly higher than in these conventional semiconductors due to the narrow-bandgap characteristics of Ti2O3. The proposed designs can be used to tailor the wavelengths of photodetection across the near- and mid-infrared ranges. 

Chalcophosphate metasurfaces exhibit a significant electro-optic shift in multipolar resonances due to large electric-field-induced refractive index changes, obtainable with in-plane or out-of-plane biasing.