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1. Probabilistic Characterization of Wind Diurnal Variability for Wind Resource Assessment

   https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2020.2965444  

   Jang, Youngchan; Byon, Eunshin (October 2020, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy)
2. Uncertainty Quantification and Simulation of Wind-Tunnel-Informed Stochastic Wind Loads

   https://doi.org/10.3390/wind3030022  

   Duarte, Thays G_A; Arunachalam, Srinivasan; Subgranon, Arthriya; Spence, Seymour M_J (September 2023, Wind)

   The simulation of stochastic wind loads is necessary for many applications in wind engineering. The proper-orthogonal-decomposition-(POD)-based spectral representation method is a popular approach used for this purpose, due to its computational efficiency. For general wind directions and building configurations, the data-informed POD-based stochastic model is an alternative that uses wind-tunnel-smoothed auto- and cross-spectral density as input, to calibrate the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the target load process. Even though this method is straightforward and presents advantages, compared to using empirical target auto- and cross-spectral density, the limitations and errors associated with this model have not been investigated. To this end, an extensive experimental study on a rectangular building model considering multiple wind directions and configurations was conducted, to allow the quantification of uncertainty related to the use of short-duration wind tunnel records for calibration and validation of the data-informed POD-based stochastic model. The results demonstrate that the data-informed model can efficiently simulate stochastic wind loads with negligible model errors, while the errors associated with calibration to short-duration wind tunnel data can be important. 

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3. Topological Guided Detection of Extreme Wind Phenomena: Implications for Wind Energy

   Qin, Yu; Johnson, Graham; Summa, Brian (October 2023, 3rd Workshop on Energy Data Visualization)

   Extreme wind phenomena play a crucial role in the efficient operation of wind farms for renewable energy generation. However, existing detection methods are computationally expensive and limited to specific coordinates. In real-world scenarios, understanding the occurrence of these phenomena over a large area is essential. Therefore, there is a significant demand for a fast and accurate approach to forecast such events. In this paper, we propose a novel method for detecting wind phenomena using topological analysis, leveraging the gradient of wind speed or critical points in a topological framework. By extracting topological features from the wind speed profile within a defined region, we employ topological distance to identify extreme wind phenomena. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of utilizing topological features derived from regional wind speed profiles. We validate our approach using high-resolution simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) over a month in the US East Coast. 

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4. Prediction of Wind Speed, Potential Wind Power, and the Associated Uncertainties for Offshore Wind Farm Using Deep Learning

   https://doi.org/10.1115/POWER2020-16557  

   Choe, Do-Eun; Talor, Gary; Kim, Changkyu (January 2020, ASME 2020 Power Conference collocated with the 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering)

   null (Ed.)

   Abstract Floating offshore wind turbines hold great potential for future solutions to the growing demand for renewable energy production. Thereafter, the prediction of the offshore wind power generation became critical in locating and designing wind farms and turbines. The purpose of this research is to improve the prediction of the offshore wind power generation by the prediction of local wind speed using a Deep Learning technique. In this paper, the future local wind speed is predicted based on the historical weather data collected from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Then, the prediction of the wind power generation is performed using the traditional methods using the future wind speed data predicted using Deep Learning. The network layers are designed using both Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Bi-directional LSTM (BLSTM), known to be effective on capturing long-term time-dependency. The selected networks are fine-tuned, trained using a part of the weather data, and tested using the other part of the data. To evaluate the performance of the networks, a parameter study has been performed to find the relationships among: length of the training data, prediction accuracy, and length of the future prediction that is reliable given desired prediction accuracy and the training size. 

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5. Prediction of Wind Speed, Potential Wind Power, and the Associated Uncertainties for Offshore Wind Farm Using Deep Learning.

   Choe, Do-Eun; Talor, Gary; Kim, Changkyu (October 2022, roceedings of the ASME 2020 Power Conference collocated with the 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASME 2020 Power Conference)

   null (Ed.)

   Floating offshore wind turbines hold great potential for future solutions to the growing demand for renewable energy production. Thereafter, the prediction of the offshore wind power generation became critical in locating and designing wind farms and turbines. The purpose of this research is to improve the prediction of the offshore wind power generation by the prediction of local wind speed using a Deep Learning technique. In this paper, the future local wind speed is predicted based on the historical weather data collected from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Then, the prediction of the wind power generation is performed using the traditional methods using the future wind speed data predicted using Deep Learning. The network layers are designed using both Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Bi-directional LSTM (BLSTM), known to be effective on capturing long-term time-dependency. The selected networks are fine-tuned, trained using a part of the weather data, and tested using the other part of the data. To evaluate the performance of the networks, a parameter study has been performed to find the relationships among: length of the training data, prediction accuracy, and length of the future prediction that is reliable given desired prediction accuracy and the training size. 

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