skip to main content
US FlagAn official website of the United States government
dot gov icon
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
https lock icon
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( lock ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Explore Research Products in the PAR
It may take a few hours for recently added research products to appear in PAR search results.


  • NSF Public Access
  • Search Results
  • Implementing Inertial Control for PMSG-WTG in Region 2 using Virtual Synchronous Generator with Multiple Virtual Rotating Masses
Title: Implementing Inertial Control for PMSG-WTG in Region 2 using Virtual Synchronous Generator with Multiple Virtual Rotating Masses
With the increasing integration of renewable energy, the problems associated with deteriorating grid frequency profile and potential power system instability have become more significant. In this paper, the inertial control algorithm using Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) is implemented on type-4 Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) - wind turbine generator (WTG). The overall nonlinear dynamic model and its small-signal linearization of PMSG-WTG using VSG is established and comprehensively analyzed. Inevitably, the direct application of VSG introduces large inertia which causes conflict between the fast-varying of available wind power and inverter control with slow dynamics, particularly in region 2 of wind turbine. Aiming to address such issue, VSG with multiple virtual rotating masses is proposed in order to improve the active power tracking performance as well as to boost inertial control of a VSG. The inertial responses are verified in a modified 10MVA IEEE 14 bus microgrid system. The assessment of the simulation results demonstrates the applicability of VSG on renewable energy generation units.  more » « less
Award ID(s):
1711951
PAR ID:
10202218
Author(s) / Creator(s):
; ; ;
Date Published:
Journal Name:
2019 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM)
Page Range / eLocation ID:
1 to 5
Format(s):
Medium: X
Sponsoring Org:
National Science Foundation
More Like this
  1. ; (, IEEE)
    The decline of conventional synchronous generators in the modern power system is driven by the increasing demand for low-inertia/inertia-less renewable energy sources (RES), consequently leading to the growing integration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) into the power system. The incorporation of low-inertia/inertia-less IBRs makes the monitoring and damping of low-frequency electromechanical oscillations (EMOs) crucial. While Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) control introduces virtual inertia into the power system, it does not maximize energy capture from RES as effectively as maximum power point tracking (MPPT) does, as it should maintain a power reserve to provide the inertial support and damping. In this study, switching IBRs between MPPT and VSG controls based on an EMO index (EMOI) threshold is proposed to mitigate the emergence of EMO. The impact of the switching control of IBRs is illustrated for a modified two-area, four-machine power system with two large solar photovoltaic plants. Typical results are presented from a simulation on real-time digital simulator (RTDS) to show improved EMOI. 
    more » « less
  2. (, 2020 IEEE Kansas Power and Energy Conference (KPEC))
    null (Ed.)
    With more and more renewable energy resources integrated into the power grid, the system is losing inertia because power electronics-based generators do not provide natural inertia. The low inertia will cause the microgrid to be more sensitive to disturbance and thus a small load change may result in a severe deviation in frequency. Based on the basic VSG algorithm, which is to mimic the characteristic of the traditional synchronous generator, the frequency can be controlled to a stable value faster and more smoothly when there is a fluctuation in the PV power generation and/or load change. However, characteristic of the VSG depends on the system structure in consideration of multiple generations, such as Synchronous Generator (SG), PV and Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), which greatly increases the complexity of applying VSG in practical power system. Furthermore, with BESS-VSG, Maximum Power Point (MPP) operation of PV is guaranteed. In addition, an adaptive VSG method is developed for a microgrid system, and the corresponding simulation in Matlab/Simulink shows the effectiveness of the adaptive VSG method. 
    more » « less
  3. ; ; ; (, Proceeding of the American Control Conference)
    Improved integration of wind farms into frequency regulation services is vital for increasing renewable energy production while ensuring power system stability. This work generalizes a recently proposed model-based receding horizon wind farm controller for secondary frequency regulation to arbitrary wind farm layouts and augments the controller to enable power modulation through storage of kinetic energy in the rotor. The new design explicitly includes actuation of blade pitch and generator torque, which facilitates implementation in existing farms as it takes advantage of current wind turbine control loops. This generalized control design improves control authority by individually controlling each turbine and using kinetic energy stored in the rotor in a coordinated manner to achieve farm level control goals. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach; in particular, the controller achieves accurate power tracking and reduces loss of revenue in the bulk power market by requiring less setpoint reduction (derate) than the power level control range. 
    more » « less
  4. ; ; ; ; ; (, International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control)
    ABSTRACT Safety analysis of power systems is concerned with the system's ability to maintain critical variables within specified limits following a disturbance. Frequency control adequacy has become increasingly important as the system inertia decreases due to the increase in renewable energy penetration. Various controllers for inverters have been proposed to improve the system frequency response and few are capable to ensure the safety of the response. In this article, a diesel‐wind energy system is considered and modeled as a switching system between normal, faulted, and post‐fault modes. A safety feedback controller is designed as a supplementary signal for a wind turbine generator such that the speed of the diesel generator stays within a permissible range in the presence of a finite energy disturbance. Numerical results on the modified 33‐bus microgrid system obtained of the proposed novel approach indicate that the suggested control configuration can guarantee adequate frequency response without excessive conservativeness. 
    more » « less
  5. ; (, Energies)
    null (Ed.)
    High integration of renewable energy resources, such as wind turbines, to the power grid decreases the power system inertia. To improve the frequency response of a low-inertia system, virtual inertia approach can be used. This letter proposes a control method to decrease the frequency transients and restore frequency to its nominal value. A wind turbine usually works based on maximum power point tracking (MPPT) curves to achieve the maximum power. In this letter, the proposed controller uses a non-MPPT method to leave power for frequency regulation during transients. Moreover, it uses a washout filter-based method to remove the steady-state error in the frequency. Simulation results in the PSCAD environment validate the improved performance of the proposed method during load changes by comparing it with the MPPT and non-MPPT methods. 
    more » « less
  • Citation Formats
  • MLA
  • APA
  • Chicago
  • BibTeX
  • Save / Share this Record
  • Send to Email