Title: Elucidation of Diverse Solid‐State Packing in a Family of Electron‐Deficient Expanded Helicenes via Microcrystal Electron Diffraction (MicroED)**
Abstract Solid‐state packing plays a defining role in the properties of a molecular organic material, but it is difficult to elucidate in the absence of single crystals that are suitable for X‐ray diffraction. Herein, we demonstrate the coupling of divergent synthesis with microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED) for rapid assessment of solid‐state packing motifs, using a class of chiral nanocarbons—expanded helicenes—as a proof of concept. Two highly selective oxidative dearomatizations of a readily accessible helicene provided a divergent route to four electron‐deficient analogues containing quinone or quinoxaline units. Crystallization efforts consistently yielded microcrystals that were unsuitable for single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, but ideal for MicroED. This technique facilitated the elucidation of solid‐state structures of all five compounds with <1.1 Å resolution. The otherwise‐inaccessible data revealed a range of notable packing behaviors, including four different space groups, homochirality in a crystal for a helicene with an extremely low enantiomerization barrier, and nanometer scale cavities. more »« less
Levine, Andrew M.; Bu, Guanhong; Biswas, Sankarsan; Tsai, Esther H.; Braunschweig, Adam B.; Nannenga, Brent L.
(, Chemical Communications)
null
(Ed.)
We use microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED) to determine structures of three organic semiconductors, and show that these structures can be used along with grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) to understand crystal packing and orientation in thin films. Together these complimentary techniques provide unique structural insights into organic semiconductor thin films, a class of materials whose device properties and electronic behavior are sensitively dependent on solid-state order.
Biehler, Erik; Pagola, Silvina; Stam, Daniel; Merkelbach, Johannes; Jandl, Christian; Abdel-Fattah, Tarek M
(, Journal of Applied Crystallography)
This study successfully implemented microcrystal electron diffraction (microED) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) for the crystal structure determination of a new phase, TAF-CNU-1, Ni(C8H4O4)·3H2O, solved by microED from single microcrystals in the powder and refined at the kinematic and dynamic electron diffraction theory levels. This nickel metal–organic framework (MOF), together with its cobalt and manganese analogues with formula M(C8H4O4)·2H2O with M = MnII or CoII, were synthesized in aqueous media as one-pot preparations from the corresponding hydrated metal chlorides and sodium terephthalate, as a promising ‘green’ synthetic route to moisture stable MOFs. The crystal structures of the two latter materials have been previously determined ab initio from X-ray powder diffraction. The advantages and disadvantages of both structural characterization techniques are briefly summarized. Additional solid-state property characterization was carried out using thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
Zhou, Zheng; Wang, Xiao‐Ye; Wei, Zheng; Müllen, Klaus; Petrukhina, Marina A.
(, Angewandte Chemie International Edition)
Abstract Chemical reduction of OBO‐fused double[5]helicene with Group 1 metals (Na and K) has been investigated for the first time. Two doubly‐reduced products have been isolated and structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, revealing a solvent‐separated ion triplet (SSIT) with Na+ions and a contact‐ion pair (CIP) with K+ion. As the key structural outcome, the X‐ray crystallographic analysis discloses the consequences of adding two electrons to the double helicene core in the SSIT without metal binding and reveals the preferential binding site in the CIP with K+counterions. In both products, an increase in the twisting of the double helicene core upon charging was observed. The negative charge localization at the central core has been identified by theoretical calculations, which are in full agreement with X‐ray crystallographic and NMR spectroscopic results. Notably, it was confirmed that the two‐electron reduction of OBO‐fused double[5]helicene is reversible.
Konieczny, Krzysztof A; Rai, Rishika; Palatinus, Lukáš; Garcia-Garibay, Miguel A
(, Journal of the American Chemical Society)
A solid-state photochemical reaction of crystalline thymine hydrate (TH) resulted in a clean topochemical transformation into the cis-syn-dimer (TD), matching the structure as the one responsible for most UV lesions in DNA. Microcrystals of TD grown by drop casting piperidine solutions in a TEM grid made it possible to determine their structure by microelectron diffraction (3D ED) and to confirm expectations that an in situ electron-beam ionization reaction could result in a topotactic dimer splitting that, in this case, retains single-crystal-to-single-crystal character up to ca. 30% conversion. The packing structure of dimer TD and the as formed monomer T displays a novel trimeric hydrogen bonding motif, and the latter represents a new crystal phase. Beyond interesting analogies between single crystals of T and TD, and DNA, such as templated dimer formation and electron-transfer-induced repair, this work is a rare example of an electron beam-induced chemical reaction in the crystalline solid state.
Quininium aspirinate is mechanochemically prepared as a crystalline solid by liquid-assisted grinding, or as an amorphous phase (as determined by X-ray powder diffraction), by neat grinding or neat ball milling. Our previous work demonstrated using FT-IR spectroscopy that a mechanochemical reaction had occurred in the mechanically treated neat mixtures. Herein is reported that microcrystal electron diffraction (microED) afforded the discovery of two diffracting micron-size particles in the amorphous powder synthesized by manual grinding, among a majority of non-diffracting particles. Remarkably, microED data of one of them led to the known lattice parameters of quininium aspirinate. Furthermore, this so-called ‘X-ray amorphous’ phase quickly recrystallizes upon exposure to vapors of N,N-dimethylformamide, or hexane vapours (at a lower rate); but it remains amorphous for longer than 20 months when stored at ambient conditions in a closed container. The lattice parameters and the degrees of crystallinity of both recrystallized materials are identical within the experimental error. However, slightly more intense and better-resolved X-ray powder diffraction peaks are observed in the material recrystallized from N,N-dimethylformamide vapours than in the analogous phase recovered from hexane. As expected, Williamson–Hall graphs lead to a larger average crystalline domain size for the former solid. These results illustrate the use of microED for the investigation of structural features in amorphous phases, and the generic role of the solvent vapours in promoting their recrystallization.
Samkian, Adrian E., Kiel, Gavin R., Jones, Christopher G., Bergman, Harrison M., Oktawiec, Julia, Nelson, Hosea M., and Tilley, T. Don. Elucidation of Diverse Solid‐State Packing in a Family of Electron‐Deficient Expanded Helicenes via Microcrystal Electron Diffraction (MicroED)**. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60.5 Web. doi:10.1002/anie.202012213.
Samkian, Adrian E., Kiel, Gavin R., Jones, Christopher G., Bergman, Harrison M., Oktawiec, Julia, Nelson, Hosea M., & Tilley, T. Don. Elucidation of Diverse Solid‐State Packing in a Family of Electron‐Deficient Expanded Helicenes via Microcrystal Electron Diffraction (MicroED)**. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 60 (5). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202012213
Samkian, Adrian E., Kiel, Gavin R., Jones, Christopher G., Bergman, Harrison M., Oktawiec, Julia, Nelson, Hosea M., and Tilley, T. Don.
"Elucidation of Diverse Solid‐State Packing in a Family of Electron‐Deficient Expanded Helicenes via Microcrystal Electron Diffraction (MicroED)**". Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60 (5). Country unknown/Code not available: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202012213.https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10256919.
@article{osti_10256919,
place = {Country unknown/Code not available},
title = {Elucidation of Diverse Solid‐State Packing in a Family of Electron‐Deficient Expanded Helicenes via Microcrystal Electron Diffraction (MicroED)**},
url = {https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10256919},
DOI = {10.1002/anie.202012213},
abstractNote = {Abstract Solid‐state packing plays a defining role in the properties of a molecular organic material, but it is difficult to elucidate in the absence of single crystals that are suitable for X‐ray diffraction. Herein, we demonstrate the coupling of divergent synthesis with microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED) for rapid assessment of solid‐state packing motifs, using a class of chiral nanocarbons—expanded helicenes—as a proof of concept. Two highly selective oxidative dearomatizations of a readily accessible helicene provided a divergent route to four electron‐deficient analogues containing quinone or quinoxaline units. Crystallization efforts consistently yielded microcrystals that were unsuitable for single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, but ideal for MicroED. This technique facilitated the elucidation of solid‐state structures of all five compounds with <1.1 Å resolution. The otherwise‐inaccessible data revealed a range of notable packing behaviors, including four different space groups, homochirality in a crystal for a helicene with an extremely low enantiomerization barrier, and nanometer scale cavities.},
journal = {Angewandte Chemie International Edition},
volume = {60},
number = {5},
publisher = {Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)},
author = {Samkian, Adrian E. and Kiel, Gavin R. and Jones, Christopher G. and Bergman, Harrison M. and Oktawiec, Julia and Nelson, Hosea M. and Tilley, T. Don},
}
Warning: Leaving National Science Foundation Website
You are now leaving the National Science Foundation website to go to a non-government website.
Website:
NSF takes no responsibility for and exercises no control over the views expressed or the accuracy of
the information contained on this site. Also be aware that NSF's privacy policy does not apply to this site.