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1. A Wideband Stacked Patch-Patch Antenna with Hybrid Perturbations for Circular Polarization

   https://doi.org/10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9703820.  

   M. M. Hossain, S. S. (February 2022, 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (APS/URSI))

   This paper presents a wideband circularly polarized antenna for small satellites to be used with NASA Near- Earth Networks (NEN). This single-fed stacked antenna utilizes the electromagnetic coupling concept and is usable with a duplex transceiver. The circularly-polarized antenna employs hybrid perturbations on stacked patches and covers NASA NEN’s both uplink and downlink frequencies, thus replacing the conventional requirement of two separate antennas. It provides a notable wide axial ratio (AR) < 3 dB bandwidth of 1.16 GHz from 7.02 GHz to 8.18 GHz (15.3%). The optimized patch dimensions provide 34.6% VSWR ~ 2 bandwidth from 6,525 MHz to 9,253 MHz. The overall antenna size is 17 mm × 17 mm × 6.6 mm, and has a peak gain of 7.9 dBi. This proposed antenna will overcome solar cell space constraint on smallsat’s outer wall by saving at least 50% area required by the conventional two-antenna method. 

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2. The Design and SAR Analysis of a UWB Bow-tie Antenna for Wireless Wearable Sensors

   Kakaraparty, Karthik; Mahbub, Ifana (January 2022, THE USNC-URSI 2022 National Radio Science Meeting)

   Kakaraparty, Karthik; Mahbub, Ifana (Ed.)

   This paper presents design of a wearable flexible patch antenna and its corresponding SAR (specific absorption rate) analysis when placed on a human body. The substrate material used is polyimide with a thickness of 0.1 mm, and gold is used for the patch and ground material with 200 nm thickness. The di-electric constant and the tangent loss of the polyimide substrate are 3.5 and 0.0002, respectively. The dimensions of the proposed antenna are 30×30×0.1004 mm3. The designed antenna has the resonating frequency at 3.45 GHz and a bandwidth of 2.6 GHz. The far field gain of the designed antenna is 7.5 dBi. The SAR analysis generated an SAR value of 0.174 W/kg, which is within the safe limit of 2W/kg averaged over 10g of tissue as specified by the ICNIRP (International Commission of Non-Ionization Radiation Protection). This suggests that the designed antenna is safe and can be utilized for wireless wearable sensors. 

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3. Design of a Compact 24 GHz Antenna Array for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) Communication

   https://doi.org/10.1109/AP-S/USNC-URSI47032.2022.9886200  

   Kakaraparty, Karthik; Roy, Sunanda; Mahbub, Ifana (September 2022, 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (AP-S/URSI))

   This paper presents the design of a compact 4 × 4 antenna array suitable for unmanned aerial vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication applications. The proposed antenna array can offer a narrow beamwidth, high gain, wide beam steering capability and is highly compact. The substrate material used is Rogers 5880 with a thickness of 0.2 mm, and copper is used for the patch and ground material with 0.14 mm thickness. The di-electric constant and the tangent loss of the Rogers substrate are 2.2 and 0.0004, respectively. 45° phase shifters are incorporated in the feeding paths to facilitate the beamsteering. The dimensions of the proposed antenna array are 32 × 32 × 0.48 mm 3 . The designed antenna array has the resonating frequency at 24 GHz and has a bandwidth of 0.83 GHz (3.5% fractional bandwidth). The measured far field gain of the designed antenna array is 16.7 dBi. The beamwidth derived from the array’s far-field radiation pattern is 14.6°, and the maximum beam steering range of the array is 102° along the θ axis. 

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4. Modified U Slot Patch Antenna with Large Frequency Ratio for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication

   https://doi.org/10.3390/s23136108  

   Govindarajulu, Sandhiya Reddy; Tarek, Md Nurul; Guerra, Marisol Roman; Hassan, Asif; Alwan, Elias (July 2023, Sensors)

   This paper presents a single-fed, single-layer, dual-band antenna with a large frequency ratio of 4.74:1 for vehicle-to-vehicle communication. The antenna consists of a 28 GHz inset-fed rectangular patch embedded into a 5.9 GHz patch antenna for dual-band operation. The designed dual-band antenna operates from 5.81 to 5.99 GHz (Dedicated Short Range Communications, DSRC) and 27.9 to 30.1 GHz (5G millimeter-wave (mm-wave) band). Furthermore, the upper band patch was modified by inserting slots near the inset feed line to achieve an instantaneous bandwidth of 4.5 GHz. The antenna was fabricated and measured. The manufactured prototype operates simultaneously from 5.8 to 6.05 GHz and from 26.8 to 31.3 GHz. Notably, the designed dual-band antenna offers a high peak gain of 7.7 dBi in the DSRC band and 6.38 dBi in the 5G mm-wave band. 

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5. A Gain-Reconfigurable and Frequency-Beam-Steerable Additively Manufactured Antenna

   https://doi.org/10.1109/RWS50353.2021.9360380  

   Mejias-Morillo, Carlos R.; LeBlanc, Sam; Rojas-Nastrucci, Eduardo A. (January 2021, 2021 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS))

   null (Ed.)

   Due to the exponential growth of small satellite technology, novel shapes for antennas have been explored to make them low-cost, lightweight, compact, and easy to deploy. The use of frequency beam-scan antennas reduces the complexity of the small satellite front-end by avoiding the need to use phase shifters, especially when a reliable inter-satellite link (ISL) is required to keep up the communication and the formation accurately in a CubeSat swarm mission. This paper reports the design and a manufacturing process focused on in-space manufacturing (ISM) of a fully 3D-printed leaky-wave antenna, using ULTEM 9085 for aerospace applications. The antenna shows frequency beam steering capabilities from 4.4 GHz to 7.4 GHz, and a gain reconfigurable by angular rotation of the ground planes. The resulting antenna shows a measured peak gain of 10.07 dBi at 6.5 GHz, with a gain reconfigurability, as function of the elevation angle of the ground planes, in the range of 0 to 40°, providing an additional gain from 0 to 2 dBi, respectively. 

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