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1. Variability of Sea Level and Upper-Ocean Heat Content in the Indian Ocean: Effects of Subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole and ENSO

   https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0167.1  

   Zhang, Lei ; Han, Weiqing ; Li, Yuanlong ; Lovenduski, Nicole S. ( September 2019 , Journal of Climate)

   In this study, the Indian Ocean upper-ocean variability associated with the subtropical Indian Ocean dipole (SIOD) is investigated. We find that the SIOD is associated with a prominent southwest–northeast sea level anomaly (SLA) dipole over the western-central south Indian Ocean, with the north pole located in the Seychelles–Chagos thermocline ridge (SCTR) and the south pole at southeast of Madagascar, which is different from the distribution of the sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA). While the thermocline depth and upper-ocean heat content anomalies mirror SLAs, the air–sea CO2 flux anomalies associated with SIOD are controlled by SSTA. In the SCTR region, the westward propagation of oceanic Rossby waves generated by anomalous winds over the eastern tropical Indian Ocean is the major cause for the SLAs, with cyclonic wind causing negative SLAs during positive SIOD (pSIOD). Local wind forcing is the primary driver for the SLAs southeast of Madagascar, with anticyclonic winds causing positive SLAs. Since the SIOD is correlated with ENSO, the relative roles of the SIOD and ENSO are examined. We find that while ENSO can induce significant SLAs in the SCTR region through an atmospheric bridge, it has negligible impact on the SLA to the southeast of Madagascar. Bymore »contrast, the SIOD with ENSO influence removed is associated with an opposite SLA in the SCTR and southeast of Madagascar, corresponding to the SLA dipole identified above. A new subtropical dipole mode index (SDMI) is proposed, which is uncorrelated with ENSO and thus better represents the pure SIOD effect.

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2. Global Ocean Vertical Velocity From a Dynamically Consistent Ocean State Estimate: GLOBAL OCEAN VERTICAL VELOCITY

   https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC012985  

   Liang, Xinfeng ; Spall, Michael ; Wunsch, Carl ( October 2017 , Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans)
3. A Global Ocean Oxygen Database and Atlas for Assessing and Predicting Deoxygenation and Ocean Health in the Open and Coastal Ocean

   https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.724913  

   Grégoire, Marilaure ; Garçon, Véronique ; Garcia, Hernan ; Breitburg, Denise ; Isensee, Kirsten ; Oschlies, Andreas ; Telszewski, Maciej ; Barth, Alexander ; Bittig, Henry C. ; Carstensen, Jacob ; et al ( December 2021 , Frontiers in Marine Science)

   In this paper, we outline the need for a coordinated international effort toward the building of an open-access Global Ocean Oxygen Database and ATlas (GO 2 DAT) complying with the FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable). GO 2 DAT will combine data from the coastal and open ocean, as measured by the chemical Winkler titration method or by sensors (e.g., optodes, electrodes) from Eulerian and Lagrangian platforms (e.g., ships, moorings, profiling floats, gliders, ships of opportunities, marine mammals, cabled observatories). GO 2 DAT will further adopt a community-agreed, fully documented metadata format and a consistent quality control (QC) procedure and quality flagging (QF) system. GO 2 DAT will serve to support the development of advanced data analysis and biogeochemical models for improving our mapping, understanding and forecasting capabilities for ocean O 2 changes and deoxygenation trends. It will offer the opportunity to develop quality-controlled data synthesis products with unprecedented spatial (vertical and horizontal) and temporal (sub-seasonal to multi-decadal) resolution. These products will support model assessment, improvement and evaluation as well as the development of climate and ocean health indicators. They will further support the decision-making processes associated with the emerging blue economy, the conservation of marine resources and theirmore »associated ecosystem services and the development of management tools required by a diverse community of users (e.g., environmental agencies, aquaculture, and fishing sectors). A better knowledge base of the spatial and temporal variations of marine O 2 will improve our understanding of the ocean O 2 budget, and allow better quantification of the Earth’s carbon and heat budgets. With the ever-increasing need to protect and sustainably manage ocean services, GO 2 DAT will allow scientists to fully harness the increasing volumes of O 2 data already delivered by the expanding global ocean observing system and enable smooth incorporation of much higher quantities of data from autonomous platforms in the open ocean and coastal areas into comprehensive data products in the years to come. This paper aims at engaging the community (e.g., scientists, data managers, policy makers, service users) toward the development of GO 2 DAT within the framework of the UN Global Ocean Oxygen Decade (GOOD) program recently endorsed by IOC-UNESCO. A roadmap toward GO 2 DAT is proposed highlighting the efforts needed (e.g., in terms of human resources).« less
4. Calculating surface ocean pCO ₂ from biogeochemical Argo floats equipped with pH: An uncertainty analysis: Calculating Ocean pCO ₂ From Float pH

   https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GB005541  

   Williams, N. L. ; Juranek, L. W. ; Feely, R. A. ; Johnson, K. S. ; Sarmiento, J. L. ; Talley, L. D. ; Dickson, A. G. ; Gray, A. R. ; Wanninkhof, R. ; Russell, J. L. ; et al ( March 2017 , Global Biogeochemical Cycles)
5. On calcium-to-alkalinity anomalies in the North Pacific, Red Sea, Indian Ocean and Southern Ocean

   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2021.03.027  

   Steiner, Zvi ; Sarkar, Amit ; Liu, Xuewu ; Berelson, William M. ; Adkins, Jess F. ; Achterberg, Eric P. ; Sabu, P. ; Prakash, Satya ; Vinaychandran, P.N. ; Byrne, Robert H. ; et al ( June 2021 , Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta)