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1. Preschoolers decide who is knowledgeable, who to inform, and who to trust via a causal understanding of how knowledge relates to action

   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105212  

   Aboody, Rosie ; Huey, Holly ; Jara-Ettinger, Julian ( November 2022 , Cognition)
2. Requiem for transit ridership? An examination of who abandoned, who will return, and who will ride more with mobility as a service

   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2023.02.016  

   Soria, Jason ; Edward, Deirdre ; Stathopoulos, Amanda ( April 2023 , Transport Policy)
3. Need-Based Scholarship Program: Who is Applying, Who is Successful, and Who is Not Applying?

   Rynearson, Anastasia ; Miller, Michele ; Gartner, Jacqueline ( June 2019 , American Society of Engineering Education)

   A recent S-STEM award has allowed the engineering program in a rural, liberal arts institution to offer a need-based scholarship program for its students. The engineering program has a number of veteran, underrepresented minority, transfer, and nontraditional students. Many students are also first-generation college students. The institution and engineering program matriculate a number of under-served populations, students who may have needs that are not well understood in the typical engineering education literature. The scholarship program and its associated mentoring and activities will assist workforce development and will also incorporate a number of research avenues to better understand and serve the student population in this unique setting. To apply for the program, students must fill out an application with four 250 – 500 word essay responses relating to their academic progress, perceived barriers to degree completion, and how this award would help them to complete their degree. This initial study seeks to analyze the student applications to explore which students are applying for the new scholarship program and which students are successful in their applications. Responses to the application questions will be analyzed to develop an archetypical applicant, an archetypical successful applicant, and an archetypical unsuccessful applicant. Similar to the IDEO method of creating a specific client to design for, these profiles will not encompass all possible student responses; not all students who would be grouped with the archetype would see themselves in the archetype. Rather, these archetypes will help us to define students that we can use as a model when we are developing programs for the students in the scholarship program and the student body as a whole. These profiles will be presented and used to generate an understanding of which students are likely to choose to apply and which students may be missing out on this opportunity. At this time, the applications are not yet due and the analysis has not yet begun. Initial interest for the grant has been strong and we anticipate at least thirty applications for the nineteen available grants. Results presented will include the three student profiles as well as a report of the perceived barriers to graduation as reported by applicants in their application materials. 

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4. Who loses and who wins in the ride-hailing era? A case study of Austin, Texas

   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2022.03.009  

   Li, Shengxiao ; Zhai, Wei ; Jiao, Junfeng ; Wang, Chao ( May 2022 , Transport Policy)
5. Who is speaking: Unpacking In-text Speaker Identification Preference of Viewers who are Deaf and Hard of Hearing while Watching Live Captioned Television Program

   https://doi.org/10.1145/3587281.3587286  

   Amin, Akhter Al ; Mendis, Joseph ; Kushalnagar, Raja ; Vogler, Christian ; Huenerfauth, Matt ( April 2023 , W4A '23: Proceedings of the 20th International Web for All Conference)

   Live TV news and interviews often include multiple individuals speaking, with rapid turn-taking, which makes it difficult for viewers who are Deaf and Hard of Hearing (DHH) to follow who is speaking when reading captions. Prior research has proposed several methods of indicating who is speaking. While recent studies have observed various preferences among DHHviewers for speaker identification methods for videos with different numbers of speakers onscreen, there has not yet been a study that has systematically explored whether there is a formal relationship between the number of people onscreen and the preferences among DHH viewers for how to indicate the speaker in captions.We conducted an empirical study followed by a semi-structured interview with 17 DHH participants to record their preferences among various speaker-identifier types for videos that vary in the number of speakers onscreen. We observed an interaction effect between DHH viewers’ preference for speaker identification and the number of speakers in a video. An analysis of open-ended feedback from participants revealed several factors that influenced their preferences. Our findings guide broadcasters and captioners in selecting speaker-identification methods for captioned videos. 

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