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1. Fourier optimization and Montgomery’s pair correlation conjecture

   https://doi.org/10.1090/mcom/3990  

   Carneiro, Emanuel; Milinovich, Micah; Ramos, Antonio Pedro (January 2025, Mathematics of Computation)

   Assuming the Riemann hypothesis, we improve the current upper and lower bounds for the average value of Montgomery’s function F(a,T) over long intervals by means of a Fourier optimization framework. The function F(a,T) is often used to study the pair correlation of the non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta-function. Two ideas play a central role in our approach: (i) the introduction of new averaging mechanisms in our conceptual framework and (ii) the full use of the class of test functions introduced by Cohn and Elkies for the sphere packing bounds, going beyond the usual class of bandlimited functions. We conclude that such an average value, that is conjectured to be 1, lies between 0.9303 and 1.3208. Our Fourier optimization framework also yields an improvement on the current bounds for the analogous problem concerning the non-trivial zeros in the family of Dirichlet L-functions. 

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2. On the number variance of zeta zeros and a conjecture of Berry

   https://doi.org/10.1112/mtk.12184  

   Lugar, Meghann Moriah; Milinovich, Micah B.; Quesada‐Herrera, Emily (January 2023, Mathematika)

   Abstract Assuming the Riemann hypothesis, we prove estimates for the variance of the real and imaginary part of the logarithm of the Riemann zeta function in short intervals. We give three different formulations of these results. Assuming a conjecture of Chan for how often gaps between zeros can be close to a fixed non‐zero value, we prove a conjecture of Berry (1988) for the number variance of zeta zeros in the non‐universal regime. In this range, Gaussian unitary ensemble statistics do not describe the distribution of the zeros. We also calculate lower order terms in the second moment of the logarithm of the modulus of the Riemann zeta function on the critical line. Assuming Montgomery's pair correlation conjecture, this establishes a special case of a conjecture of Keating and Snaith (2000). 

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3. An unconditional Montgomery theorem for pair correlation of zeros of the Riemann zeta-function

   https://doi.org/10.4064/aa230612-20-3  

   Baluyot, Siegfred_Alan C; Goldston, Daniel Alan; Suriajaya, Ade Irma; Turnage-Butterbaugh, Caroline L (April 2024, Acta Arithmetica)

   Assuming the Riemann Hypothesis (RH), Montgomery proved a theorem concerning pair correlation of zeros of the Riemann zeta-function. One consequence of this theorem is that, assuming RH, at least 67.9% of the nontrivial zeros are simple. Here we obtain an unconditional form of Montgomery’s theorem and show how to apply it to prove the following result on simple zeros: If all the zeros ρ=β+iγ of the Riemann zeta-function such that T3/8<γ≤T satisfy ∣∣β−1/2∣∣<1/(2logT), then, as T tends to infinity, at least 61.7% of these zeros are simple. The method of proof neither requires nor provides any information on whether any of these zeros are or are not on the critical line where β=1/2. We also obtain the same result under the weaker assumption of a strong zero-density hypothesis. 

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4. THE DE BRUIJN–NEWMAN CONSTANT IS NON-NEGATIVE

   https://doi.org/10.1017/fmp.2020.6  

   RODGERS, BRAD; TAO, TERENCE (January 2020, Forum of Mathematics, Pi)

   For each $$t\in \mathbb{R}$$ , we define the entire function $$\begin{eqnarray}H_{t}(z):=\int _{0}^{\infty }e^{tu^{2}}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7}(u)\cos (zu)\,du,\end{eqnarray}$$ where $$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7}$$ is the super-exponentially decaying function $$\begin{eqnarray}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7}(u):=\mathop{\sum }_{n=1}^{\infty }(2\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}^{2}n^{4}e^{9u}-3\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}n^{2}e^{5u})\exp (-\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}n^{2}e^{4u}).\end{eqnarray}$$ Newman showed that there exists a finite constant $$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}$$ (the de Bruijn–Newman constant ) such that the zeros of $$H_{t}$$ are all real precisely when $$t\geqslant \unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}$$ . The Riemann hypothesis is equivalent to the assertion $$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}\leqslant 0$$ , and Newman conjectured the complementary bound $$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}\geqslant 0$$ . In this paper, we establish Newman’s conjecture. The argument proceeds by assuming for contradiction that $$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}<0$$ and then analyzing the dynamics of zeros of $$H_{t}$$ (building on the work of Csordas, Smith and Varga) to obtain increasingly strong control on the zeros of $$H_{t}$$ in the range $$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC} 

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5. Large Deviation Estimates of Selberg’s Central Limit Theorem and Applications

   https://doi.org/10.1093/imrn/rnad176  

   Arguin, Louis-Pierre; Bailey, Emma (July 2023, International Mathematics Research Notices)

   Abstract For $$V\sim \alpha \log \log T$$ with $$0<\alpha <2$$, we prove $$\begin{align*} & \frac{1}{T}\textrm{meas}\{t\in [T,2T]: \log|\zeta(1/2+ \textrm{i} t)|>V\}\ll \frac{1}{\sqrt{\log\log T}} e^{-V^{2}/\log\log T}. \end{align*}$$This improves prior results of Soundararajan and of Harper on the large deviations of Selberg’s Central Limit Theorem in that range, without the use of the Riemann hypothesis. The result implies the sharp upper bound for the fractional moments of the Riemann zeta function proved by Heap, Radziwiłł, and Soundararajan. It also shows a new upper bound for the maximum of the zeta function on short intervals of length $$(\log T)^{\theta }$$, $$0<\theta <3$$, that is expected to be sharp for $$\theta> 0$$. Finally, it yields a sharp upper bound (to order one) for the moments on short intervals, below and above the freezing transition. The proof is an adaptation of the recursive scheme introduced by Bourgade, Radziwiłł, and one of the authors to prove fine asymptotics for the maximum on intervals of length $$1$$. 

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