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1. Rationality of twists of the Siegel modular variety of genus 2 and level 3

   https://doi.org/10.1090/proc/15854  

   Calegari, Frank; Chidambaram, Shiva (February 2022, Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society)

   Let  ρ ¯ : G Q → GSp 4 ⁡ ( F 3 ) \overline {\rho }: G_{\mathbf {Q}} \rightarrow \operatorname {GSp}_4(\mathbf {F}_3) be a continuous Galois representation with cyclotomic similitude character. Equivalently, consider ρ ¯ \overline {\rho } to be the Galois representation associated to the  3 3 -torsion of a principally polarized abelian surface  A / Q A/\mathbf {Q} . We prove that the moduli space  A 2 ( ρ ¯ ) \mathcal {A}_2(\overline {\rho }) of principally polarized abelian surfaces  B / Q B/\mathbf {Q} admitting a symplectic isomorphism  B [ 3 ] ≃ ρ ¯ B[3] \simeq \overline {\rho } of Galois representations is never rational over  Q \mathbf {Q} when  ρ ¯ \overline {\rho } is surjective, even though it is both rational over  C \mathbf {C} and unirational over  Q \mathbf {Q} via a map of degree  6 6 . 

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2. An inhomogeneous Dirichlet theorem via shrinking targets

   https://doi.org/10.1112/S0010437X1900719X  

   Kleinbock, Dmitry; Wadleigh, Nick (July 2019, Compositio Mathematica)

   We give an integrability criterion on a real-valued non-increasing function $$\unicode[STIX]{x1D713}$$ guaranteeing that for almost all (or almost no) pairs $$(A,\mathbf{b})$$ , where $$A$$ is a real $$m\times n$$ matrix and $$\mathbf{b}\in \mathbb{R}^{m}$$ , the system $$\begin{eqnarray}\Vert A\mathbf{q}+\mathbf{b}-\mathbf{p}\Vert ^{m}<\unicode[STIX]{x1D713}(T),\quad \Vert \mathbf{q}\Vert ^{n} 

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3. MULTIPLICITY ONE AT FULL CONGRUENCE LEVEL

   https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474748020000225  

   Le, Daniel; Morra, Stefano; Schraen, Benjamin (May 2020, Journal of the Institute of Mathematics of Jussieu)

   null (Ed.)

   Let $$F$$ be a totally real field in which $$p$$ is unramified. Let $$\overline{r}:G_{F}\rightarrow \text{GL}_{2}(\overline{\mathbf{F}}_{p})$$ be a modular Galois representation that satisfies the Taylor–Wiles hypotheses and is tamely ramified and generic at a place $$v$$ above $$p$$ . Let $$\mathfrak{m}$$ be the corresponding Hecke eigensystem. We describe the $$\mathfrak{m}$$ -torsion in the $$\text{mod}\,p$$ cohomology of Shimura curves with full congruence level at $$v$$ as a $$\text{GL}_{2}(k_{v})$$ -representation. In particular, it only depends on $$\overline{r}|_{I_{F_{v}}}$$ and its Jordan–Hölder factors appear with multiplicity one. The main ingredients are a description of the submodule structure for generic $$\text{GL}_{2}(\mathbf{F}_{q})$$ -projective envelopes and the multiplicity one results of Emerton, Gee and Savitt [Lattices in the cohomology of Shimura curves, Invent. Math.   200 (1) (2015), 1–96]. 

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4. Uniform congruence counting for Schottky semigroups in SL2(𝐙)

   https://doi.org/10.1515/crelle-2016-0072  

   Magee, Michael; Oh, Hee; Winter, Dale (August 2019, Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik (Crelles Journal))

   Abstract Let Γ be a Schottky semigroup in {\mathrm{SL}_{2}(\mathbf{Z})} ,and for {q\in\mathbf{N}} , let {\Gamma(q):=\{\gamma\in\Gamma:\gamma=e~{}(\mathrm{mod}~{}q)\}} be its congruence subsemigroupof level q . Let δ denote the Hausdorff dimension of the limit set of Γ.We prove the following uniform congruence counting theoremwith respect to the family of Euclidean norm balls {B_{R}} in {M_{2}(\mathbf{R})} of radius R :for all positive integer q with no small prime factors, \#(\Gamma(q)\cap B_{R})=c_{\Gamma}\frac{R^{2\delta}}{\#(\mathrm{SL}_{2}(%\mathbf{Z}/q\mathbf{Z}))}+O(q^{C}R^{2\delta-\epsilon}) as {R\to\infty} for some {c_{\Gamma}>0,C>0,\epsilon>0} which are independent of q .Our technique also applies to give a similar counting result for the continued fractions semigroup of {\mathrm{SL}_{2}(\mathbf{Z})} ,which arises in the study of Zaremba’s conjecture on continued fractions. 

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5. An inverse Jacobian algorithm for Picard curves

   https://doi.org/10.1007/s40993-021-00253-1  

   Lario, Joan-C.; Somoza, Anna; Vincent, Christelle (June 2021, Research in Number Theory)

   null (Ed.)

   Abstract We study the inverse Jacobian problem for the case of Picard curves over $${\mathbb {C}}$$ C . More precisely, we elaborate on an algorithm that, given a small period matrix $$\varOmega \in {\mathbb {C}}^{3\times 3}$$ Ω ∈ C 3 × 3 corresponding to a principally polarized abelian threefold equipped with an automorphism of order 3, returns a Legendre–Rosenhain equation for a Picard curve with Jacobian isomorphic to the given abelian variety. Our method corrects a formula obtained by Koike–Weng (Math Comput 74(249):499–518, 2005) which is based on a theorem of Siegel. As a result, we apply the algorithm to obtain equations of all the isomorphism classes of Picard curves with maximal complex multiplication by the maximal order of the sextic CM-fields with class number at most $$4$$ 4 . In particular, we obtain the complete list of maximal CM Picard curves defined over $${\mathbb {Q}}$$ Q . In the appendix, Vincent gives a correction to the generalization of Takase’s formula for the inverse Jacobian problem for hyperelliptic curves given in [Balakrishnan–Ionica–Lauter–Vincent, LMS J. Comput. Math., 19(suppl. A):283-300, 2016]. 

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