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Bimodal optical-electrical data generated when a 20 nm diameter silica (SiO2) nanoparticle was trapped by a plasmonic nanopore sensor were simulated using Multiphysics COMSOL and compared with sensor measurements for closely matching experimental parameters. The nanosensor, employed self-induced back action (SIBA) to optically trap nanoparticles in the center of a double nanohole (DNH) structure on top a solid-state nanopores (ssNP). This SIBA actuated nanopore electrophoresis (SANE) sensor enables simultaneous capture of optical and electrical data generated by several underlying forces acting on the trapped SiO2 nanoparticle: plasmonic optical trapping, electroosmosis, electrophoresis, viscous drag, and heat conduction forces. The Multiphysics simulations enabled dissecting the relative contributions of those forces acting on the nanoparticle as a function of its location above and through the sensor’s ssNP. Comparisons between simulations and experiments demonstrated qualitative similarities in the optical and electrical time-series data generated as the nanoparticle entered and exited from the SANE sensor. These experimental parameter-matched simulations indicated that the competition between optical and electrical forces shifted the trapping equilibrium position close to the top opening of the ssNP, relative to the optical trapping force maximum that was located several nm above. The experimentally estimated minimum for the optical force needed to trap a SiO2 nanoparticle was consistent with corresponding simulation predictions of optical-electrical force balance. The comparison of Multiphysics simulations with experiments improves our understanding of the interplay between optical and electrical forces as a function of nanoparticle position across this plasmonic nanopore sensor.
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Label-free alternating-current plasmonic nanopore sensing of nanoparticles
Alternating current (AC) modulation of command voltage applied across a Self-induced Back Action Actuated Nanopore Electrophoresis (SANE) sensor, a type of plasmonic nanopore sensor that we have developed previously, enables acquisition of new data types that could potentially enhance the characterization of nanoparticles (NPs) and single molecules. In particular, AC voltage frequency response provides insight into the charge and dielectric constant of analytes that are normally obfuscated using DC command voltages. We first analyzed Axopatch 200B data to map the frequency response of the empty SANE sensor in terms of phase shift and amplitude modulation, with and without plasmonic excitation. We then tested the frequency response of 20 nm diameter silica NPs and 20 nm gold NPs trapped optically, which made these particles hover over an underlying 25 nm nanopore at the center of the SANE sensor. By applying a DC command voltage with a superimposed AC frequency sweep while keeping the NPs optically trapped in the vicinity of the nanopores’s entrance, we have found that silica and gold NPs to have distinctly different electrical responses. This pilot work demonstrates the feasibility of performing AC measurements with a plasmonic nanopore, which encourages us to pursue more detailed characterization studies with NPs and single molecules in future work.
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- PAR ID:
- 10335329
- Editor(s):
- Vo-Dinh, Tuan; Ho, Ho-Pui A.; Ray, Krishanu
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Label-free alternating-current plasmonic nanopore sensing of nanoparticles
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 10
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Conference Paper:
- https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2607884
