We establish an instantaneous smoothing property for decaying solutions on the half-line
In this paper, we introduce a simple local flux recovery for
- Award ID(s):
- 2136075
- NSF-PAR ID:
- 10342824
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Electronic Research Archive
- Volume:
- 29
- Issue:
- 6
- ISSN:
- 2688-1594
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 3629
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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of certain degenerate Hilbert space-valued evolution equations arising in kinetic theory, including in particular the steady Boltzmann equation. Our results answer the two main open problems posed by Pogan and Zumbrun in their treatment of\begin{document}$ (0, +\infty) $\end{document} stable manifolds of such equations, showing that\begin{document}$ H^1 $\end{document} solutions that remain sufficiently small in\begin{document}$ L^2_{loc} $\end{document} (i) decay exponentially, and (ii) are\begin{document}$ L^\infty $\end{document} for\begin{document}$ C^\infty $\end{document} , hence lie eventually in the\begin{document}$ t>0 $\end{document} stable manifold constructed by Pogan and Zumbrun.\begin{document}$ H^1 $\end{document} -
We consider the linear third order (in time) PDE known as the SMGTJ-equation, defined on a bounded domain, under the action of either Dirichlet or Neumann boundary control
. Optimal interior and boundary regularity results were given in [\begin{document}$ g $\end{document} 1 ], after [41 ], when , which, moreover, in the canonical case\begin{document}$ g \in L^2(0, T;L^2(\Gamma)) \equiv L^2(\Sigma) $\end{document} , were expressed by the well-known explicit representation formulae of the wave equation in terms of cosine/sine operators [\begin{document}$ \gamma = 0 $\end{document} 19 ], [17 ], [24 ,Vol Ⅱ]. The interior or boundary regularity theory is however the same, whether or\begin{document}$ \gamma = 0 $\end{document} , since\begin{document}$ 0 \neq \gamma \in L^{\infty}(\Omega) $\end{document} is responsible only for lower order terms. Here we exploit such cosine operator based-explicit representation formulae to provide optimal interior and boundary regularity results with\begin{document}$ \gamma \neq 0 $\end{document} "smoother" than\begin{document}$ g $\end{document} , qualitatively by one unit, two units, etc. in the Dirichlet boundary case. To this end, we invoke the corresponding results for wave equations, as in [\begin{document}$ L^2(\Sigma) $\end{document} 17 ]. Similarly for the Neumann boundary case, by invoking the corresponding results for the wave equation as in [22 ], [23 ], [37 ] for control smoother than , and [\begin{document}$ L^2(0, T;L^2(\Gamma)) $\end{document} 44 ] for control less regular in space than . In addition, we provide optimal interior and boundary regularity results when the SMGTJ equation is subject to interior point control, by invoking the corresponding wave equations results [\begin{document}$ L^2(\Gamma) $\end{document} 42 ], [24 ,Section 9.8.2]. -
In this paper, we propose a new class of operator factorization methods to discretize the integral fractional Laplacian
for\begin{document}$ (- \Delta)^\frac{{ \alpha}}{{2}} $\end{document} . One main advantage is that our method can easily increase numerical accuracy by using high-degree Lagrange basis functions, but remain its scheme structure and computer implementation unchanged. Moreover, it results in a symmetric (multilevel) Toeplitz differentiation matrix, enabling efficient computation via the fast Fourier transforms. If constant or linear basis functions are used, our method has an accuracy of\begin{document}$ \alpha \in (0, 2) $\end{document} , while\begin{document}$ {\mathcal O}(h^2) $\end{document} for quadratic basis functions with\begin{document}$ {\mathcal O}(h^4) $\end{document} a small mesh size. This accuracy can be achieved for any\begin{document}$ h $\end{document} and can be further increased if higher-degree basis functions are chosen. Numerical experiments are provided to approximate the fractional Laplacian and solve the fractional Poisson problems. It shows that if the solution of fractional Poisson problem satisfies\begin{document}$ \alpha \in (0, 2) $\end{document} for\begin{document}$ u \in C^{m, l}(\bar{ \Omega}) $\end{document} and\begin{document}$ m \in {\mathbb N} $\end{document} , our method has an accuracy of\begin{document}$ 0 < l < 1 $\end{document} for constant and linear basis functions, while\begin{document}$ {\mathcal O}(h^{\min\{m+l, \, 2\}}) $\end{document} for quadratic basis functions. Additionally, our method can be readily applied to approximate the generalized fractional Laplacians with symmetric kernel function, and numerical study on the tempered fractional Poisson problem demonstrates its efficiency.\begin{document}$ {\mathcal O}(h^{\min\{m+l, \, 4\}}) $\end{document} -
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on the whole plane whose velocities have been mildly regularized, for instance, logarithmically. The well-posedness of these regularized models in borderline Sobolev regularity have previously been studied by D. Chae and J. Wu when the velocity\begin{document}$ \theta $\end{document} is of lower singularity, i.e.,\begin{document}$ u $\end{document} , where\begin{document}$ u = -\nabla^{\perp} \Lambda^{ \beta-2}p( \Lambda) \theta $\end{document} is a logarithmic smoothing operator and\begin{document}$ p $\end{document} . We complete this study by considering the more singular regime\begin{document}$ \beta \in [0, 1] $\end{document} . The main tool is the identification of a suitable linearized system that preserves the underlying commutator structure for the original equation. We observe that this structure is ultimately crucial for obtaining continuity of the flow map. In particular, straightforward applications of previous methods for active transport equations fail to capture the more nuanced commutator structure of the equation in this more singular regime. The proposed linearized system nontrivially modifies the flux of the original system in such a way that it coincides with the original flux when evaluated along solutions of the original system. The requisite estimates are developed for this modified linear system to ensure its well-posedness.\begin{document}$ \beta\in(1, 2) $\end{document} -
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