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2. First‐year Acacia seedlings are anisohydric “water‐spenders” but differ in their rates of water use

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3. Comment on “The chemical reactions in electrosprays of water do not always correspond to those at the pristine air–water interface” by A. Gallo Jr, A. S. F. Farinha, M. Dinis, A.-H. Emwas, A. Santana, R. J. Nielsen, W. A. Goddard III and H. Mishra, Chem. Sci. , 2019, 10 , 2566

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   null (Ed.)

   Recently, Gallo et al. ( Chem. Sci., 2019, 10, 2566) investigated whether the previously reported oligomerization of isoprene vapor on the surface of pH < 4 water in an electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometer ( J. Phys. Chem. A, 2012, 116, 6027 and Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2018, 20, 15400) would also proceed in liquid isoprene–acidic water emulsions. Gallo et al. hypothesized that emulsified liquid isoprene would oligomerize on the surface of acidic water because, after all, isoprene, liquid or vapor, is always a hydrophobe. In their emulsion experiments, isoprene oligomers were to be detected by ex situ proton magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR) spectrometry. 

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4. Aquaporin regulation in roots controls plant hydraulic conductance, stomatal conductance, and leaf water potential in Pinus radiata under water stress

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   Stomatal regulation is crucial for forest species performance and survival on drought‐prone sites. We investigated the regulation of root and shoot hydraulics in threePinus radiataclones exposed to drought stress and its coordination with stomatal conductance (g_s) and leaf water potential (Ψ_leaf). All clones experienced a substantial decrease in root‐specific root hydraulic conductance (K_root‐r) in response to the water stress, but leaf‐specific shoot hydraulic conductance (K_shoot‐l) did not change in any of the clones. The reduction inK_root‐rcaused a decrease in leaf‐specific whole‐plant hydraulic conductance (K_plant‐l). Among clones, the larger the decrease inK_plant‐l, the more stomata closed in response to drought. Rewatering resulted in a quick recovery ofK_root‐randg_s. Our results demonstrated that the reduction inK_plant‐l, attributed to a down regulation of aquaporin activity in roots, was linked to the isohydric stomatal behaviour, resulting in a nearly constant Ψ_leafas water stress started. We concluded that higherK_plant‐lis associated with water stress resistance by sustaining a less negative Ψ_leafand delaying stomatal closure.

    

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5. Up-regulation of non-photochemical quenching improves water use efficiency and reduces whole-plant water consumption under drought in Nicotiana tabacum

   https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erae113  

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   Water supply limitations will likely impose increasing restrictions on future crop production, underlining a need for crops that use less water per mass of yield. Water use efficiency (WUE) therefore becomes a key consideration in developing resilient and productive crops. In this study, we hypothesized that it is possible to improve WUE under drought conditions via modulation of chloroplast signals for stomatal opening by up-regulation of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Nicotiana tabacum plants with strong overexpression of the PsbS gene encoding PHOTOSYSTEM II SUBUNIT S, a key protein in NPQ, were grown under differing levels of drought. The PsbS-overexpressing lines lost 11% less water per unit CO2 fixed under drought and this did not have a significant effect on plant size. Depending on growth conditions, the PsbS-overexpressing lines consumed from 4–30% less water at the whole-plant level than the corresponding wild type. Leaf water and chlorophyll contents showed a positive relation with the level of NPQ. This study therefore provides proof of concept that up-regulation of NPQ can increase WUE, and as such is an important step towards future engineering of crops with improved performance under drought.

    

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