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Percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) is a minimally invasive procedure used in kidney surgery. PCN needle placement is of great importance for the following successful renal surgery. In this study, we designed and built an endoscopic polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) system for the PCN needle guidance. Compared to traditional OCT, PS-OCT will allow more accurate differentiation of the renal tissue types in front of the needle. In the experiment, we imaged different renal tissues from human kidneys using the PS-OCT endoscope. Furthermore, deep learning methods were applied for automatic recognition of different tissue types.
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Endoscopy Lifetime Systems Architecture: Scoping Out the Past to Diagnose the Future Technology
Systems engineering captures the desires and needs of the customer to conceptualize a system from the overall goal down to the small details prior to any physical development. While many systems projects tend to be large and complicated (i.e., cloud-based infrastructure, long-term space travel shuttles, missile defense systems), systems engineering can also be applied to smaller, complex systems. Here, the system of interest is the endoscope, a standard biomedical screening device used in laparoscopic surgery, screening of upper and lower gastrointestinal tracts, and inspection of the upper airway. Often, endoscopic inspection is used to identify pre-cancerous and cancerous tissues, and hence, a requirement for endoscopic systems is the ability to provide images with high contrast between areas of normal tissue and neoplasia (early-stage abnormal tissue growth). For this manuscript, the endoscope was reviewed for all the technological advancements thus far to theorize what the next version of the system could be in order to provide improved detection capabilities. Endoscopic technology was decomposed into categories, using systems architecture and systems thinking, to visualize the improvements throughout the system’s lifetime from the original to current state-of-the-art. Results from this review were used to identify trends in subsystems and components to estimate the theoretical performance maxima for different subsystems as well as areas for further development. The subsystem analysis indicated that future endoscope systems will focus on more complex imaging and higher computational requirements that will provide improved contrast in order to have higher accuracy in optical diagnoses of early, abnormal tissue growth.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1725937
- PAR ID:
- 10379078
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Systems
- Volume:
- 10
- Issue:
- 5
- ISSN:
- 2079-8954
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 189
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
-
Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10050189
