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Sustainability encompasses many wicked problems involving complex interdependencies across social, natural, and engineered systems. We argue holistic multiscale modeling and decision-support frameworks are needed to address multifaceted interdisciplinary aspects of these wicked problems. This review highlights three emerging research areas for artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in molecular-to-systems engineering for sustainability: (1) molecular discovery and materials design, (2) automation and self-driving laboratories, (3) process and systems-of-systems optimization. Recent advances in AI and ML are highlighted in four contemporary application areas in chemical engineering design: (1) equitable energy systems, (2) decarbonizing the power sector, (3) circular economies for critical materials, and (4) next-generation heating and cooling. These examples illustrate how AI and ML enable more sophisticated interdisciplinary multiscale models, faster optimization algorithms, more accurate uncertainty quantification, smarter and faster data collection, and incorporation of diverse stakeholders into decision-making processes, improving the robustness of engineering and policy designs while focusing on the multifaceted goals and constraints in wicked problems.
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Machine Learning Methods for Multiscale Physics and Urban Engineering Problems
We present an overview of four challenging research areas in multiscale physics and engineering as well as four data science topics that may be developed for addressing these challenges. We focus on multiscale spatiotemporal problems in light of the importance of understanding the accompanying scientific processes and engineering ideas, where “multiscale” refers to concurrent, non-trivial and coupled models over scales separated by orders of magnitude in either space, time, energy, momenta, or any other relevant parameter. Specifically, we consider problems where the data may be obtained at various resolutions; analyzing such data and constructing coupled models led to open research questions in various applications of data science. Numeric studies are reported for one of the data science techniques discussed here for illustration, namely, on approximate Bayesian computations.
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- PAR ID:
- 10393542
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Entropy
- Volume:
- 24
- Issue:
- 8
- ISSN:
- 1099-4300
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 1134
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.3390/e24081134
