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1. A 38° Wide Beam-Steerable Compact and Highly Efficient V-band Leaky Wave Antenna with Surface Integrated Waveguide for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication

   https://doi.org/10.1109/WMCS58822.2023.10194262  

   Sah, Pallav ; Mahbub, Ifana ( April 2023 , 2023 IEEE Texas Symposium on Wireless and Microwave Circuits and Systems (WMCS))

   This paper presents a highly efficient single-layer substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) based leaky-wave antenna (LWA) for the millimeter-wave unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication system. The leaky wave-based radiating part of the unit cell includes a combination of two Y-shaped slots with 46° stretched V etched on the top SIW, resulting in a W-shaped structure. The proposed array achieves a high gain of 13.47 dBi for the frequency range of 56.3 GHz to 63.4 GHz covering the unlicensed band, with a fine matching level below -21 dB. Using the leaky wave antenna's frequency scanning capability, the proposed antenna exhibits a scanning range of 38°. The designed antenna shows a promising solution for the UAV-to-UAV applications due to its low profile and compactness and is well-suited for the single-layer low-cost printed circuit board fabrication process using Rogers RT 5880 as substrate. The radiation pattern for the achieved bandwidth shows an average half-power angular beamwidth of 12.1°, resulting in a radiation efficiency of more than 62% for the elements arranged uniformly at a distance of 0.456λ . Following an overall low-profile compact size of 6.48×4 λ corresponding to 3.24×0.2 cm and improved performance, the antenna achieves an elliptical polarization at 60 GHz for an axial ratio equal to 3.5 dBi. 

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2. A V-band Phased-Array Antenna for Millimeter-Wave-Based 3D Beam Steering Applications

   https://doi.org/10.1109/AP-S/USNC-URSI47032.2022.9886330  

   Kakaraparty, Karthik ; Roy, Sunanda ; Mahbub, Ifana ( September 2022 , 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (AP-S/URSI))

   This paper presents a compact phased-array antenna for efficient and high-gain millimeter-wave-based 3D beam steering applications. The proposed antenna array consists of 2 × 2 unit cells and each unit cell is a sub-array comprising of 2 × 2 patch elements connected to microstrip lines that are co-fed by a single coaxial cable. Two 45° phase shifting lines are incorporated in each sub-array to facilitate the wide beamsteering range. The dimensions of the proposed phased array antenna are 24 × 24 × 0.324 mm 3 . Simulation results show that the proposed phased-array antenna has a resonating frequency at 58.4 GHz with an operational bandwidth from 50.1 GHz to 77.5 GHz along with a high gain of 26.8 dBi. The array exhibits a maximum beam steering range of 105° in the elevation plane and 195° in the azimuth plane with a gain variation less than 0.9 dBi. 

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3. A 24 GHz Flexible 10 × 10 Phased Array Antenna for 3D Beam Steering Based V2V Applications

   https://doi.org/10.1109/PAST49659.2022.9975066  

   Kakaraparty, Karthik ; Mahbub, Ifana ( December 2022 , 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems & Technology (PAST))

   This paper presents a flexible 10 × 10 phased-array antenna for efficient and high-gain 3D beam steering applications. The proposed antenna array consists of 25 quadrants of 2 × 2 unit cells, wherein each 2 × 2 unit cell is coaxially fed. The 45° phase shifting lines are incorporated in the feeding paths to facilitate the wide beamsteering range. The dimensions of the proposed phased array antenna (PAA) are 90 × 90 × 0.324 mm 3 . Simulation results show that the proposed phased-array antenna has a resonating frequency at 24 GHz with an operational bandwidth from 23.64 GHz to 24.31 GHz along with a high gain of 29.4 dBi. The array exhibits a maximum beam steering range of 149.8° in the θ axis and 120° in the ϕ axis with a gain variation less than 0.9 dBi. The proposed flexible PAA is suitable for its placement on curved surfaces of autonomous vehicles such as UAVs(Unmanned aerial vehicles). 

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4. The Design and SAR Analysis of a UWB Bow-tie Antenna for Wireless Wearable Sensors

   Kakaraparty, Karthik ; Mahbub, Ifana ( January 2022 , THE USNC-URSI 2022 National Radio Science Meeting)

   Kakaraparty, Karthik ; Mahbub, Ifana (Ed.)

   This paper presents design of a wearable flexible patch antenna and its corresponding SAR (specific absorption rate) analysis when placed on a human body. The substrate material used is polyimide with a thickness of 0.1 mm, and gold is used for the patch and ground material with 200 nm thickness. The di-electric constant and the tangent loss of the polyimide substrate are 3.5 and 0.0002, respectively. The dimensions of the proposed antenna are 30×30×0.1004 mm3. The designed antenna has the resonating frequency at 3.45 GHz and a bandwidth of 2.6 GHz. The far field gain of the designed antenna is 7.5 dBi. The SAR analysis generated an SAR value of 0.174 W/kg, which is within the safe limit of 2W/kg averaged over 10g of tissue as specified by the ICNIRP (International Commission of Non-Ionization Radiation Protection). This suggests that the designed antenna is safe and can be utilized for wireless wearable sensors. 

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5. Modified U Slot Patch Antenna with Large Frequency Ratio for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication

   https://doi.org/10.3390/s23136108  

   Govindarajulu, Sandhiya Reddy ; Tarek, Md Nurul ; Guerra, Marisol Roman ; Hassan, Asif ; Alwan, Elias ( July 2023 , Sensors)

   This paper presents a single-fed, single-layer, dual-band antenna with a large frequency ratio of 4.74:1 for vehicle-to-vehicle communication. The antenna consists of a 28 GHz inset-fed rectangular patch embedded into a 5.9 GHz patch antenna for dual-band operation. The designed dual-band antenna operates from 5.81 to 5.99 GHz (Dedicated Short Range Communications, DSRC) and 27.9 to 30.1 GHz (5G millimeter-wave (mm-wave) band). Furthermore, the upper band patch was modified by inserting slots near the inset feed line to achieve an instantaneous bandwidth of 4.5 GHz. The antenna was fabricated and measured. The manufactured prototype operates simultaneously from 5.8 to 6.05 GHz and from 26.8 to 31.3 GHz. Notably, the designed dual-band antenna offers a high peak gain of 7.7 dBi in the DSRC band and 6.38 dBi in the 5G mm-wave band.

    

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