Two-dimensional (2D) materials assembled into van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures contain unlimited combinations of mechanical, optical, and electrical properties that can be harnessed for potential device applications. Critically, these structures require control over interfacial adhesion for enabling their construction and have enough integrity to survive industrial fabrication processes upon their integration. Here, we promptly determine the adhesion quality of various exfoliated 2D materials on conventional SiO 2 /Si substrates using ultrasonic delamination threshold testing. This test allows us to quickly infer relative substrate adhesion based on the percent area of 2D flakes that survive a fixed time in an ultrasonic bath, allowing for control over process parameters that yield high or poor adhesion. We leverage this control of adhesion to optimize the vdW heterostructure assembly process, where we show that samples with high or low substrate adhesion relative to each other can be used selectively to construct high-throughput vdW stacks. Instead of tuning the adhesion of polymer stamps to 2D materials with constant 2D-substrate adhesion, we tune the 2D-substrate adhesion with constant stamp adhesion to 2D materials. The polymer stamps may be reused without any polymer melting steps, thus avoiding high temperatures (<120 °C) and allowing for high-throughput production. We show that this procedure can be used to create high-quality 2D twisted bilayer graphene on SiO 2 /Si, characterized with atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopic mapping, as well as low-angle twisted bilayer WSe 2 on h-BN/SiO 2 /Si, where we show direct real-space visualization of moiré reconstruction with tilt-angle dependent scanning electron microscopy.
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Temperature−Dependent Raman Scattering Investigation on vdW Epitaxial PbI2/CrOCl Heterostructure
Van der Waals (vdW) epitaxial growth provides an efficient strategy to prepare heterostructures with atomically and electronically sharp interfaces. Herein, PbI2 was in situ thermally deposited onto exfoliated thin−layered CrOCl nanoflakes in high vacuum to fabricate vdW PbI2/CrOCl heterostructures. Optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X−ray diffraction, and temperature−dependent Raman spectroscopy were used to investigate the structural properties and phonon behaviors of the heterostructures. The morphology of PbI2 films on the CrOCl substrate obviously depended on the substrate temperature, changing from hemispherical granules to 2D nanoflakes with flat top surfaces. In addition, anomalous blueshift of the Ag1 and Au2 modes as the temperature increased in PbI2/CrOCl heterostructure was observed for the first time. Our results provide a novel material platform for the vdW heterostructure and a possible method for optimizing heterostructure growth behaviors.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1903962
- PAR ID:
- 10466081
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Crystals
- Volume:
- 13
- Issue:
- 1
- ISSN:
- 2073-4352
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 104
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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