Abstract Characterizing the mechanical properties of viscoelastic materials is critical in biomedical applications such as detecting breast cancer, skin diseases, myocardial diseases, and hepatic fibrosis. Current methods lack the consideration of dispersion curves that depend on material properties and shear wave frequency. This paper presents a novel method that combines noncontact shear wave sensing and dispersion analysis to characterize the mechanical properties of viscoelastic materials. Our shear wave sensing system uses a piezoelectric stack (PZT stack) to generate shear waves and a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) integrated with a 3D robotic stage to acquire time-space wavefields. Next, an inverse method is employed for the wavefield analysis. This method leverages multi-dimensional Fourier transform and frequency-wavenumber dispersion curve regression. Through proof-of-concept experiments, our sensing system successfully generated shear waves and acquired its timespace wavefield in a customized viscoelastic phantom. After dispersion curve analysis, we successfully characterized two material properties (shear elasticity and shear viscosity) and measured shear wave velocities at different frequencies.
more »
« less
Development of a piezo stack – laser doppler vibrometer sensing approach for characterizing shear wave dispersion and local viscoelastic property distributions
aser Doppler vibrometry and wavefield analysis have recently shown great potential for nondestructive evaluation, structural health monitoring, and studying wave physics. However, there are limited studies on these approaches for viscoelastic soft materials, especially, very few studies on the laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV)-based acquisition of time–space wavefields of dispersive shear waves in viscoelastic materials and the analysis of these wavefields for characterizing shear wave dispersion and evaluating local viscoelastic property distributions. Therefore, this research focuses on developing a piezo stack-LDV system and shear wave time–space wavefield analysis methods for enabling the functions of characterizing the shear wave dispersion and the distributions of local viscoelastic material properties. Our system leverages a piezo stack to generate shear waves in viscoelastic materials and an LDV to acquire time–space wavefields. We introduced space-frequency-wavenumber analysis and least square regression-based dispersion comparison to analyze shear wave time–space wavefields and offer functions including extracting shear wave dispersion relations from wavefields and characterizing the spatial distributions of local wavenumbers and viscoelastic properties (e.g., shear elasticity and viscosity). Proof-of-concept experiments were performed using a synthetic gelatin phantom. The results show that our system can successfully generate shear waves and acquire time–space wavefields. They also prove that our wavefield analysis methods can reveal the shear wave dispersion relation and show the spatial distributions of local wavenumbers and viscoelastic properties. We expect this research to benefit engineering and biomedical research communities and inspire researchers interested in developing shear wave-based technologies for characterizing viscoelastic materials.
more »
« less
- PAR ID:
- 10519330
- Publisher / Repository:
- ScienceDirect
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing
- Volume:
- 214
- Issue:
- C
- ISSN:
- 0888-3270
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 111389
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
More Like this
-
-
Abstract The advancement of additive manufacturing has significantly transformed the production process of metal components. However, the unique challenges associated with layer-by-layer manufacturing result in anisotropy in the microstructure and uneven mechanical properties of additive-manufactured metal products. Traditional testing methods often fall short of providing the precise mechanical performance evaluations required to meet industry standards. This paper introduces an innovative approach that combines a nondestructive Lamb wave sensing system with a wavenumber analysis method to characterize the mechanical properties of 3D-printed metal panels in multiple directions. Our method employs piezoelectric actuators (PZT) to generate Lamb waves and utilizes a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) for non-contact, two-dimensional grid acquisition of the wavefield. The anisotropic properties of the metal 3D-printed structure will be captured in the wavefield, offering an informative dataset for wavenumber analysis. The proposed analytical method includes multi-directional frequency wavenumber analysis and a least-squares-based dispersion curves regression. The integration of the above advanced analytical tools allows for the accurate characterization of the shear wave velocity and Poisson’s ratio of the plate structure. This precise characterization is crucial for ensuring the structural integrity and consistent mechanical properties of 3D-printed metal components. We validated our method using a 3D-printed stainless-steel plate, demonstrating its capability to effectively characterize the multi-directional mechanical properties of additively manufactured metal plates. We expect that our method can provide a nondestructive, time-efficient, and comprehensive quality control solution for additive manufacturing across various industries.more » « less
-
Abstract Thermoset materials have begun to be applied in additive composite manufacturing due to their ability to withstand high temperatures without losing structural integrity. Meanwhile, the characterization of mechanical properties for additively manufactured composites is critical for ensuring material reliability and safety. However, traditional testing methods struggle to accurately and nondestructively characterize additively manufactured composites due to challenges posed by curing processes, microstructural variability, anisotropic properties of thermoset composites, and the risk of damaging these materials during evaluation. For characterizing the mechanical properties of additive-manufactured thermoset composites, this paper presents a novel method that combines a nondestructive PZT-LDV guided wave sensing system and a wavenumber analysis that fuses multidimensional Fourier transform with dispersion curve regression. For proof of concept, we performed an experiment using our method to measure a 3D-printed thermoset composite panel. Based on our nondestructive approach, two material properties (shear wave velocity and Poisson’s ratio) in multiple directions were successfully determined for the tested panel. We expect this research to introduce a non-contact and efficient method for characterizing various composites and monitoring their property changes after additive manufacturing.more » « less
-
Abstract Thermoset composites, utilized in additive manufacturing, are distinguished by their excellent thermal and mechanical properties, enabling them to maintain structural integrity even under high-temperature conditions. An accurate method for characterizing the mechanical properties is necessary to ensure the performance parameters, reliability, and safety of materials during and post-manufacturing. However, characterizing 3D-printed thermoset composites is challenging due to the anisotropy introduced by the additive manufacturing process and factors such as delamination and porosity. This also leads to difficulties in accurately characterizing composites with traditional testing methods. To address this, this paper introduces a novel method that combines a non-destructive Piezoelectric transducer-laser Doppler Vibrometer (PZT-LDV) guided wave sensing system with an optimization algorithm-enhanced wavenumber analysis technique. A series of experiments were conducted to validate the concept of measuring the mechanical properties of a 3D-printed thermoset material panel. Our method successfully determined two material properties — shear wave speed and Poisson’s ratio in multiple directions on the test panel. This study aims to establish a precise and rapid non-destructive testing method that can effectively characterize various composite materials and monitor their performance throughout the additive manufacturing process.more » « less
-
Both large and small earthquakes rupture in complex ways. However, microearthquakes are often simplified as point sources and their rupture properties are challenging to resolve. We leverage seismic wavefields recorded by a dense array in Oklahoma to image microearthquake rupture processes. We construct machine-learning enabled catalogs and identify four spatially disconnected seismic clusters. These clusters likely delineate near-vertical strike-slip faults. We develop a new approach to use the maximum absolute SH-wave amplitude distributions (S-wave wavefields) to compare microearthquake rupture processes. We focus on one cluster with earthquakes located beneath the dense array and have a local magnitude range of -1.3 to 2.3. The S-wave wavefields of single earthquakes are generally coherent but differ slightly between the low-frequency (<12 Hz) and high-frequency (>12 Hz) bands. The S-wave wavefields are coherent between different earthquakes at low frequencies with average correlation coefficients greater than 0.95. However, the wavefield coherence decreases with increasing frequency for different earthquakes. This reduced coherence is likely due to the rupture differences among individual earthquakes. Our results suggest that earthquake slip of the microearthquakes dominates the radiated S-wave wavefields at higher frequencies. Our method suggests a new direction in resolving small earthquake source attributes using dense seismic arrays without assuming a rupture model.more » « less
An official website of the United States government

