Title: Products of normal subsets
In this paper we consider which families of finite simple groups G G have the property that for each ϵ<#comment/> > 0 \epsilon > 0 there exists N > 0 N > 0 such that, if | G | ≥<#comment/> N |G| \ge N and S , T S, T are normal subsets of G G with at least ϵ<#comment/> | G | \epsilon |G| elements each, then every non-trivial element of G G is the product of an element of S S and an element of T T . We show that this holds in a strong and effective sense for finite simple groups of Lie type of bounded rank, while it does not hold for alternating groups or groups of the form P S L n ( q ) \mathrm {PSL}_n(q) where q q is fixed and n →<#comment/> ∞<#comment/> n\to \infty . However, in the case S = T S=T and G G alternating this holds with an explicit bound on N N in terms of ϵ<#comment/> \epsilon . Related problems and applications are also discussed. In particular we show that, if w 1 , w 2 w_1, w_2 are non-trivial words, G G is a finite simple group of Lie type of bounded rank, and for g ∈<#comment/> G g \in G , P w 1 ( G ) , w 2 ( G ) ( g ) P_{w_1(G),w_2(G)}(g) denotes the probability that g 1 g 2 = g g_1g_2 = g where g i ∈<#comment/> w i ( G ) g_i \in w_i(G) are chosen uniformly and independently, then, as | G | →<#comment/> ∞<#comment/> |G| \to \infty , the distribution P w 1 ( G ) , w 2 ( G ) P_{w_1(G),w_2(G)} tends to the uniform distribution on G G with respect to the L ∞<#comment/> L^{\infty } norm.  more » « less
Award ID(s):
2001349 2200850
PAR ID:
10527973
Author(s) / Creator(s):
; ;
Publisher / Repository:
American Mathematical Society
Date Published:
Journal Name:
Transactions of the American Mathematical Society
Volume:
377
Issue:
1077
ISSN:
0002-9947
Page Range / eLocation ID:
863 to 885
Format(s):
Medium: X
Sponsoring Org:
National Science Foundation
More Like this
  1. We formulate and prove a Conner–Floyd isomorphism for the algebraic K-theory of arbitrary qcqs derived schemes. To that end, we study a stable ∞<#comment/> \infty -category of non- A 1 \mathbb {A}^1 -invariant motivic spectra, which turns out to be equivalent to the ∞<#comment/> \infty -category of fundamental motivic spectra satisfying elementary blowup excision, previously introduced by the first and third authors. We prove that this ∞<#comment/> \infty -category satisfies P 1 \mathbb {P}^1 -homotopy invariance and weighted A 1 \mathbb {A}^1 -homotopy invariance, which we use in place of A 1 \mathbb {A}^1 -homotopy invariance to obtain analogues of several key results from A 1 \mathbb {A}^1 -homotopy theory. These allow us in particular to define a universal oriented motivic E ∞<#comment/> \mathbb {E}_\infty -ring spectrum M G L \mathrm {MGL} . We then prove that the algebraic K-theory of a qcqs derived scheme X X can be recovered from its M G L \mathrm {MGL} -cohomology via a Conner–Floyd isomorphism\[ M G L ∗<#comment/> ∗<#comment/> ( X ) ⊗<#comment/> L Z [ β<#comment/> ±<#comment/> 1 ] ≃<#comment/> K ∗<#comment/> ∗<#comment/> ( X ) , \mathrm {MGL}^{**}(X)\otimes _{\mathrm {L}{}}\mathbb {Z}[\beta ^{\pm 1}]\simeq \mathrm {K}{}^{**}(X), \]where L \mathrm {L}{} is the Lazard ring and K p , q ( X ) = K 2 q −<#comment/> p ( X ) \mathrm {K}{}^{p,q}(X)=\mathrm {K}{}_{2q-p}(X) . Finally, we prove a Snaith theorem for the periodized version of M G L \mathrm {MGL}
    more » « less
  2. We develop a higher semiadditive version of Grothendieck-Witt theory. We then apply the theory in the case of a finite field to study the higher semiadditive structure of the K ( 1 ) K(1) -local sphere S K ( 1 ) \mathbb {S}_{K(1)} at the prime 2 2 , in particular realizing the non- 2 2 -adic rational element 1 + ε<#comment/> ∈<#comment/> π<#comment/> 0 S K ( 1 ) 1+\varepsilon \in \pi _0\mathbb {S}_{K(1)} as a “semiadditive cardinality.” As a further application, we compute and clarify certain power operations in π<#comment/> 0 S K ( 1 ) \pi _0\mathbb {S}_{K(1)}
    more » « less
  3. We show that if L 1 \mathcal {L}_1 and L 2 \mathcal {L}_2 are linear transformations from Z d \mathbb {Z}^d to Z d \mathbb {Z}^d satisfying certain mild conditions, then, for any finite subset A A of Z d \mathbb {Z}^d , | L 1 A + L 2 A | ≥<#comment/> ( | det ( L 1 ) | 1 / d + | det ( L 2 ) | 1 / d ) d | A | −<#comment/> o ( | A | ) . \begin{equation*} |\mathcal {L}_1 A+\mathcal {L}_2 A|\geq \left ( |\det (\mathcal {L}_1)|^{1/d}+|\det (\mathcal {L}_2)|^{1/d} \right )^d|A|- o(|A|). \end{equation*} This result corrects and confirms the two-summand case of a conjecture of Bukh and is best possible up to the lower-order term for certain choices of L 1 \mathcal {L}_1 and L 2 \mathcal {L}_2 . As an application, we prove a lower bound for | A + λ<#comment/> ⋅<#comment/> A | |A + \lambda \cdot A| when A A is a finite set of real numbers and λ<#comment/> \lambda is an algebraic number. In particular, when λ<#comment/> \lambda is of the form ( p / q ) 1 / d (p/q)^{1/d} for some p , q , d ∈<#comment/> N p, q, d \in \mathbb {N} , each taken as small as possible for such a representation, we show that | A + λ<#comment/> ⋅<#comment/> A | ≥<#comment/> ( p 1 / d + q 1 / d ) d | A | −<#comment/> o ( | A | ) . \begin{equation*} |A + \lambda \cdot A| \geq (p^{1/d} + q^{1/d})^d |A| - o(|A|). \end{equation*} This is again best possible up to the lower-order term and extends a recent result of Krachun and Petrov which treated the case λ<#comment/> = 2 \lambda = \sqrt {2}
    more » « less
  4. We introduce the notions of symmetric and symmetrizable representations of SL 2 ⁡<#comment/> ( Z ) {\operatorname {SL}_2(\mathbb {Z})} . The linear representations of SL 2 ⁡<#comment/> ( Z ) {\operatorname {SL}_2(\mathbb {Z})} arising from modular tensor categories are symmetric and have congruence kernel. Conversely, one may also reconstruct modular data from finite-dimensional symmetric, congruence representations of SL 2 ⁡<#comment/> ( Z ) {\operatorname {SL}_2(\mathbb {Z})} . By investigating a Z / 2 Z \mathbb {Z}/2\mathbb {Z} -symmetry of some Weil representations at prime power levels, we prove that all finite-dimensional congruence representations of SL 2 ⁡<#comment/> ( Z ) {\operatorname {SL}_2(\mathbb {Z})} are symmetrizable. We also provide examples of unsymmetrizable noncongruence representations of SL 2 ⁡<#comment/> ( Z ) {\operatorname {SL}_2(\mathbb {Z})} that are subrepresentations of a symmetric one. 
    more » « less
  5. We introduce a topological intersection number for an ordered pair of SL 3 \operatorname {SL}_3 -webs on a decorated surface. Using this intersection pairing between reduced ( SL 3 , A ) (\operatorname {SL}_3,\mathcal {A}) -webs and a collection of ( SL 3 , X ) (\operatorname {SL}_3,\mathcal {X}) -webs associated with the Fock–Goncharov cluster coordinates, we provide a natural combinatorial interpretation of the bijection from the set of reduced ( SL 3 , A ) (\operatorname {SL}_3,\mathcal {A}) -webs to the tropical set A PGL 3 , S ^<#comment/> + ( Z t ) \mathcal {A}^+_{\operatorname {PGL}_3,\hat {S}}(\mathbb {Z}^t) , as established by Douglas and Sun in [Forum Math. Sigma 12 (2024), p. e5, 55]. We provide a new proof of the flip equivariance of the above bijection, which is crucial for proving the Fock–Goncharov duality conjecture of higher Teichmüller spaces for SL 3 \operatorname {SL}_3
    more » « less