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1. Translational biomaterials of four-dimensional bioprinting for tissue regeneration

   https://doi.org/10.1088/1758-5090/acfdd0  

   Faber, Leah; Yau, Anne; Chen, Yupeng (October 2023, Biofabrication)

   Abstract Bioprinting is an additive manufacturing technique that combines living cells, biomaterials, and biological molecules to develop biologically functional constructs. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is commonly used as anin vitromodeling system and is a more accurate representation ofin vivoconditions in comparison to two-dimensional cell culture. Although 3D bioprinting has been utilized in various tissue engineering and clinical applications, it only takes into consideration the initial state of the printed scaffold or object. Four-dimensional (4D) bioprinting has emerged in recent years to incorporate the additional dimension of time within the printed 3D scaffolds. During the 4D bioprinting process, an external stimulus is exposed to the printed construct, which ultimately changes its shape or functionality. By studying how the structures and the embedded cells respond to various stimuli, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of the functionality of native tissues. This review paper will focus on the biomaterial breakthroughs in the newly advancing field of 4D bioprinting and their applications in tissue engineering and regeneration. In addition, the use of smart biomaterials and 4D printing mechanisms for tissue engineering applications is discussed to demonstrate potential insights for novel 4D bioprinting applications. To address the current challenges with this technology, we will conclude with future perspectives involving the incorporation of biological scaffolds and self-assembling nanomaterials in bioprinted tissue constructs. 

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2. 3D Bioprinting for Organ Regeneration

   https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.201601118  

   Cui, Haitao; Nowicki, Margaret; Fisher, John_P; Zhang, Lijie_Grace (December 2016, Advanced Healthcare Materials)

   Regenerative medicine holds the promise of engineering functional tissues or organs to heal or replace abnormal and necrotic tissues/organs, offering hope for filling the gap between organ shortage and transplantation needs. Three‐dimensional (3D) bioprinting is evolving into an unparalleled biomanufacturing technology due to its high‐integration potential for patient‐specific designs, precise and rapid manufacturing capabilities with high resolution, and unprecedented versatility. It enables precise control over multiple compositions, spatial distributions, and architectural accuracy/complexity, therefore achieving effective recapitulation of microstructure, architecture, mechanical properties, and biological functions of target tissues and organs. Here we provide an overview of recent advances in 3D bioprinting technology, as well as design concepts of bioinks suitable for the bioprinting process. We focus on the applications of this technology for engineering living organs, focusing more specifically on vasculature, neural networks, the heart and liver. We conclude with current challenges and the technical perspective for further development of 3D organ bioprinting. 

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3. Smart City Concept Based on Cyber-Physical Social Systems with Hierarchical Ethical Agents Approach

   https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78095-1_31  

   Mata, O. (July 2021, 23rd International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCII 2021) - Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Access to Media, Learning and Assistive Environments)

   A smart city is considered a sustainable city that manages needed resources and makes autonomous decisions to improve the quality of life of its citizens. On the other hand, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) have been implemented as isolated systems inside the city. For instance, the traffic lights, autonomous navigation for cars, and so on. Instead, consider a smart city with an integrated CPS for independent blocks that can be interconnected in a central unit. However, when a CPS makes decisions about the integration of ethical concepts based on human perception, social space must be added, and so a CPS must be transformed into a Cyber-Physical Social System (CPSS). Furthermore, a new type of social interaction between all the elements in a CPSS within a smart city presents human behavioral challenges such as virtual-morality. This paper first proposes an Artificial Moral Agent with machine learning algorithms to regulate the interaction within the CPSS, adding itself to all the subsystems’ communication. Additionally, a moral agent structure is proposed with a morality filter as its fundamental component. 

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4. Connected Smart Home over Matter Protocol

   https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCE56470.2023.10043520  

   Zegeye, Wondimu; Jemal, Ahamed; Kornegay, Kevin (January 2023, 2023 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE))

   Project Connected Home over IP, known as Matter, a unifying standard for the smart home, will begin formal device certification in late 2022. The standard will prioritize connectivity using short-range wireless communication protocols such as Wi-Fi, Thread, and Ethernet. The standard will also include emerging technologies such as Blockchain for device certification and security. In this paper, we rely on the Matter protocol to solve the long-standing heterogeneity problem in smart homes. This work presents a hardware Testbed built using development kits, as there is currently very few devices supporting Matter protocol. In addition, it presents a network architecture that automates smart homes to cloud services. The work is a simple and cheap way of developing a Testbed for automating smart homes that uses Matter protocol. The architecture lays the foundation for exploring security and privacy issues, data collection analysis, and data provenance in a smart home ecosystem built on Matter protocol. 

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5. It Made Me Feel So Much More at Home Here: Patient Perspectives on Smart Home Technology Deployed at Scale in a Rehabilitation Hospital

   https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3580757  

   Dawson, Joshua; Kauffman, Thomas; Wiese, Jason (April 2023, 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems)

   Smart patient rooms are arriving; however, their value has yet to be explored. We interviewed 20 patients in a rehabilitation hospital, which has patient rooms equipped with off-the-shelf smart home technologies, so the entertainment and environment are digitally controllable. This novel implementation supports varying control abilities through touchscreen, voice command, and accessibility controllers. The smart rooms and controls are potentially transformative for patients with reduced motor function, helping them regain lost independence and control of their surroundings. Through semi-structured interviews, we explore how smart home technology deployed in patient rooms: interacts with patients’ needs, presents new challenges, and fits into the hospital context. We identify a range of considerations that inform how hospitals can integrate smart technology into their environment, including technology design considerations and adjustments to how hospital staff supports its use. These results take an important step toward understanding and improving the value of smart patient rooms. 

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