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Title: Blue‐green fluorescence during hypersensitive cell death arises from phenylpropanoid deydrodimers
Abstract Infection of Arabidopsis with avirulentPseudomonas syringaeand exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) both trigger hypersensitive cell death (HCD) that is characterized by the emission of bright blue‐green (BG) autofluorescence under UV illumination. The aim of our current work was to identify the BG fluorescent molecules and scrutinize their biosynthesis, localization, and functions during the HCD. Compared with wild‐type (WT) plants, the phenylpropanoid‐deficient mutantfah1developed normal HCD except for the absence of BG fluorescence. Ultrahigh resolution metabolomics combined with mass difference network analysis revealed that WT but notfah1plants rapidly accumulate dehydrodimers of sinapic acid, sinapoylmalate, 5‐hydroxyferulic acid, and 5‐hydroxyferuloylmalate during the HCD. FAH1‐dependent BG fluorescence appeared exclusively within dying cells of the upper epidermis as detected by microscopy. Saponification released dehydrodimers from cell wall polymers of WT but notfah1plants. Collectively, our data suggest that HCD induction leads to the formation of free BG fluorescent dehydrodimers from monomeric sinapates and 5‐hydroxyferulates. The formed dehydrodimers move from upper epidermis cells into the apoplast where they esterify cell wall polymers. Possible functions of phenylpropanoid dehydrodimers are discussed.  more » « less
Award ID(s):
1953509
PAR ID:
10548664
Author(s) / Creator(s):
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Publisher / Repository:
Wiley
Date Published:
Journal Name:
Plant Direct
Volume:
7
Issue:
9
ISSN:
2475-4455
Format(s):
Medium: X
Sponsoring Org:
National Science Foundation
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