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1. The REquirements TRacing On target (RETRO).NET Dataset

   Huffman Hayes, Jane (January 2018, IEEE International Conference on Requirements Engineering (RE) 2018)
2. Microwave-specific acceleration of a retro-Diels–Alder reaction

   https://doi.org/10.1039/d0cc04584e  

   Frasso, Michael A.; Stiegman, Albert E.; Dudley, Gregory B. (September 2020, Chemical Communications)

   A high-temperature retro-Diels–Alder reaction is accelerated by microwave (MW) heating to rates higher than expected based on Arrhenius kinetics and the measured temperature of the reaction mixture. Observations are consistent with selective MW heating of the polar reactant relative to other, less polar components of the reaction mixture. 

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3. Retro-VLP: Towards Single Light Source-based Real-time Indoor Positioning

   https://doi.org/10.1109/icics55353.2022.9811239  

   Nazzal, Mahmoud; Sawalmeh, Ahmed; Shao, Sihua; Anan, Muhammad; Khreishah, Abdallah; Alanazi, Ali (June 2022, 2022 13th International Conference on Information and Communication Systems (ICICS))
4. Securing Smart Grid Enabled Home Area Networks with Retro-Reflective Visible Light Communication

   https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031245  

   Salas, Mathew; Shao, Sihua; Salustri, Adrian; Schroeck, Zachary; Zheng, Jun (February 2023, Sensors)

   Smart appliances’ run schedule and electric vehicles charging can be managed over a smart grid enabled home area network (HAN) to reduce electricity demand at critical times and add more plug-in electric vehicles to the grid, which eventually lower customers’ energy bills and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Short range radio-based wireless communication technologies commonly adopted in a HAN are vulnerable to cyber attacks due to their wide interception range. In this work, a low-cost solution is proposed for securing the low-volume data exchange of sensitive tasks (e.g., key management and mutual authentication). Our approach utilizes the emerging concept of retro-reflector based visible light communication (Retro-VLC), where smart appliances, IoT sensors and other electric devices perform the sensitive data exchange with the HAN gateway via the secure Retro-VLC channel. To conduct the feasibility study, a multi-pixel Retro-VLC link is prototyped to enable quadrature amplitude modulation. The bit error rate of Retro-VLC is studied analytically, numerically and experimentally. A heterogeneous Retro-VLC + WLAN connection is implemented by socket programming. In addition, the working range, sniffing range, and key exchange latency are measured. The results validate the applicability of the Retro-VLC based solution. 

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5. Machine learning regression-based RETRO-VLP for real-time and stabilized indoor positioning

   https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-022-03884-w  

   Alenezi, Ali H.; Nazzal, Mahmoud; Sawalmeh, Ahmed; Khreishah, Abdallah; Shao, Sihua; Almutiry, Muhannad (December 2022, Cluster Computing)

   Many real-world applications require real-time and robust positioning of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. In this context, visible light communication (VLC) is a promising approach due to its advantages in terms of high accuracy, low cost, ubiquitous infrastructure, and freedom from RF interference. Nevertheless, there is a growing need to improve positioning speed and accuracy. In this paper, we propose and prototype a VLC-based positioning solution using retroreflectors attached to the IoT device of interest. The proposed algorithm uses the retroreflected power received by multiple photodiodes to estimate the euclidean and directional coordinates of the underlying IoT device. In particular, the relative relationship between reflected light magnitude and reflected power is used as input to trainable machine learning regression models. Such models are trained to estimate the coordinates. The proposed algorithm excels in its simplicity and fast computation. It also reduces the need for sensory devices and active operation. Additionally, after regression, Kalman filtering is applied as a post-processing operation to further stabilize the obtained estimates. The proposed algorithm is shown to provide stable, accurate, and fast. This has been verified by extensive experiments performed on a prototype in real-world environments. Experiments confirm a high level of positioning accuracy and the added benefit of Kalman filtering stabilization. 

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