An official website of the United States government
Abstract Rivers efficiently collect, process, and transport terrestrial‐derived carbon. River ecosystem metabolism is the primary mechanism for processing carbon. Diel cycles of dissolved oxygen (DO) have been used for decades to infer river ecosystem metabolic rates, which are routinely used to predict metabolism of carbon dioxide (CO2) with uncertainties of the assumed stoichiometry ranging by a factor of 4. Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) has been less used to directly infer metabolism because it is more difficult to quantify, involves the complexity of inorganic carbon speciation, and as shown in this study, likely requires a two‐station approach. Here, we developed DIC metabolism models using single‐ and two‐station approaches. We compared metabolism estimates based on simultaneous DO and DIC monitoring in the Upper Clark Fork River (USA), which also allowed us to estimate ecosystem‐level photosynthetic and respiratory quotients (PQEand RQE). We observed that metabolism estimates from DIC varied more between single‐ and two‐station approaches than estimates from DO. Due to carbonate buffering, CO2is slower to equilibrate with the atmosphere compared to DO, likely incorporating a longer distance of upstream heterogeneity. Reach‐averaged PQEranged from 1.5 to 2.0, while RQEranged from 0.8 to 1.5. Gross primary production from DO was larger than that from DIC, as was net ecosystem production by . The river was autotrophic based on DO but heterotrophic based on DIC, complicating our understanding of how metabolism regulated CO2production. We suggest future studies simultaneously model metabolism from DO and DIC to understand carbon processing in rivers.
more »
« less
Metabolism estimates from dissolved oxygen and inorganic carbon in the Upper Clark Fork River, MT, USA.
This package provides necessary supporting data and models for the manuscript titled "Divergent metabolism estimates from dissolved oxygen and inorganic carbon: implications for river carbon cycling". The entire dataset consists of sensor data collected at three reaches and metabolism estimates from different models. The sensor data include partial pressure of carbon dioxide in water, dissolved oxygen and temperature. At each reach, we established a two station approach, meaning at least one pair of sensor suits were distributed upstream and downstream. Results for metabolism estimates differ by solutes (i.e., oxygen or carbon based) and modelling approaches (i.e., single station or two station approach). In addition to data products, we also provide R packages for metabolism models.
more »
« less
- Award ID(s):
- 2324877
- PAR ID:
- 10636790
- Publisher / Repository:
- Environmental Data Initiative
- Date Published:
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
More Like this
-
-
Stream metabolism, encompassing gross primary production and ecosystem respiration, reflects the fundamental energetic dynamics of freshwater ecosystems. These processes regulate the concentrations of dissolved gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide, which in turn shape aquatic food webs and ecosystem responses to stressors such as floods, drought, and nutrient loading. Historically difficult to quantify, stream metabolism is now measurable at high temporal resolution thanks to advances in sensor technology and modeling. The StreamPULSE dataset includes high-frequency sensor data, metadata, and modeled estimates of ecosystem metabolism. This living dataset contributes to a growing body of open-access data characterizing the metabolic pulse of stream ecosystems worldwide. To contribute to StreamPULSE, visit data.streampulse.org. All data contributed to StreamPULSE become public after an optional embargo period. Use this publication to access annual data releases, or use data.streampulse.org to download new data as they become available.more » « less
-
The instrumented raft on Sparkling Lake is equipped with a dissolved oxygen and CO2 sensors, a thermistor chain, and meteorological sensors that provide fundamental information on lake thermal structure, weather conditions, evaporation rates, and lake metabolism. Estimating the flux of solutes to and from lakes requires accurate water budgets. Evaporation rates are a critical component of the water budget of lakes. Data from the instrumented raft on Sparkling Lake includes micrometeorological parameters from which evaporation can be calculated. Raft measurements of relative humidity and air temperature (2m height), wind velocity (2m) ,and water temperatures (from thermistors placed throughout the water column at intervals varying from 0.5 to 3m) are combined with measurements of total long-wave and short-wave radiation data from a nearby shore station to determine evaporation by the energy budget technique. Comparable evaporation estimates from mass transfer techniques are calibrated against energy budget estimates to produce a lake-specific mass transfer coefficient for use in estimating evaporation rates. After correcting for flux to or from the atmosphere and vertical mixing within the water column, high frequency measurements of dissolved gases such as carbon dioxide and oxygen can be used to estimate gross primary productivity, respiration, and net ecosystem productivity, the basic components of whole lake metabolism. Other parameters measured include precipitation, wind direction (beginning in 2008), and barometric pressure (beginning in 2008). Sampling Frequency: one minute with hourly and daily averages provided. Number of sites: 1.more » « less
-
The instrumented buoy on Trout Lake is equipped with a dissolved oxygen sensor, a thermistor chain, and meteorological sensors that provide fundamental information on lake thermal structure, weather conditions, and lake metabolism. Data are usually collected every 10 minutes with occasional periods of 2 minute data for short periods to answer specific questions. The D-Opto dissolved oxygen sensor is 0.5m from the lake surface. Meteorological sensors measure wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, air temperature, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and barometric pressure. Starting in 2005, thermistors were placed every 0.5-1m from the surface through 14m and every 2 to 4m from 14m to the bottom of the water column at 31m. In July 2006, a new thermistor chain was deployed with thermistors placed every meter from the surface through a depth of 19 meters. After correcting for flux to or from the atmosphere and vertical mixing within the water column, high frequency measurements of dissolved gases such as carbon dioxide and oxygen can be used to estimate gross primary productivity, respiration, and net ecosystem productivity, the basic components of whole lake metabolism. Data are averaged to daily values from one minute samples for years 2005 - 2006. Daily values are computed from high resolution data starting in year 2007. Data are averaged to hourly values from one minute samples for years 2005 - 2008, Hourly values are computed from high resolution data starting in year 2009. Hourly and daily values may not be current with high resolution data in the current year. Sampling Frequency: varies for instantaneous sample. averaged to hourly and daily values from one minute samples Number of sites: 1more » « less
-
Introduction The National Science Foundation Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) collects continuous in-situ measurements of dissolved oxygen (DO) on the Endurance Array moorings in the inner shelf region of the Oregon and Washington coasts. Aanderaa Optode 4831 oxygen sensors were deployed at 7 meters depth on the near surface instrument frame (NSIF) and on the collocated coastal surface piercing profiler (CSPP) moorings. The sensors suffer from calibration drift due to biofouling, which can cause a dramatic increase in DO during daylight hours and corresponding decrease at night compared to the conditions in the water column (Palevsky et al., 2023). This enhanced diel signal, when present, is much more pronounced on fixed-depth sensors and usually begins to occur 1-2 months after a mooring is deployed. After this biofouling issue was identified, OOI began deploying UV lamps adjacent to the oxygen sensor in spring 2018, after which there was substantial improvement in DO data quality. Each file in this dataset contains the measured near surface DO and the corrected near surface DO at the Oregon and Washington inner shelf surface moorings (ISSM) with gaps from periods of biofouling replaced with the DO measured by the CSPP. Methods OOI oxygen data Dissolved oxygen sensors on OOI CSPPs and at fixed-depths on moorings are named “DOSTA”, a contraction of DO Stable Response. The DOSTA data are downloaded on a deployment-by-deployment basis for all available data streams (telemetered and recovered for fixed-depth moorings; recovered only for CSPPs) from the OOI Gold Copy THREDDs catalog. Each deployment file additionally contains the practical salinity, seawater temperature, and pressure measured by the collocated CTD. The telemetered and recovered data streams are combined and interpolated to a common timebase with one-minute resolution. Evaluate fixed-depth oxygen data The NSIF DO data are quality-controlled using both automated and manual methods to create flags that follow the Quality Assurance of Real-Time Oceanographic Data (QARTOD) standards. Endurance array team members perform a visual inspection of oxygen and ancillary data from each deployment to determine instrument failure from biofouling or other issues. Annotations from human-in-the-loop analyses of failed or suspect data generate the QARTOD flags. Merge profiler oxygen data QARTOD flags are applied to the CSPP data to omit failed data points. CSPP DO data are averaged from 2-7 meters depth then interpolated to the one-minute timebase. The resulting CSPP time series shows good agreement with the NSIF during data overlaps. Finally, the NSIF DO data is replaced with the CSPP DO data during periods of biofouling or instrument failure, flags are generated for the hybrid DO dataset, and separate netCDF files are created for the Oregon and Washington locations. Files Filename: CE01ISSM-NSIF-DOSTA.nc Description Oregon Coastal Endurance Site CE01, Inner Shelf Surface Mooring, Near Surface Instrument Frame, Dissolved Oxygen Stable Response Geographic Range Latitude: 44.6598 to 44.6598 Longitude: -124.095 to -124.095 Time Range Start: 2014-10-10, 18:00:00 UTC End: 2025-06-24, 20:00:00 UTC Variables: "time", ”depth”, "sea_water_practical_salinity", "sea_water_practical_salinity_qartod_results", "sea_water_temperature", "sea_water_temperature_qartod_results", "measured_dissolved_oxygen", "measured_dissolved_oxygen_qartod_results", "corrected_dissolved_oxygen", "corrected_dissolved_oxygen_qartod_results" Filename: CE06ISSM-NSIF-DOSTA.nc Description Washington Coastal Endurance Site CE06, Inner Shelf Surface Mooring, Near Surface Instrument Frame, Dissolved Oxygen Stable Response Geographic Range Latitude: 47.1336 to 47.1336 Longitude: -124.272 to -124.272 Time Range Start: 2015-04-10, 05:00:00 UTC End: 2025-06-24, 20:00:00 UTC Variables: "time", ”depth”, "sea_water_practical_salinity", "sea_water_practical_salinity_qartod_results", "sea_water_temperature", "sea_water_temperature_qartod_results", "measured_dissolved_oxygen", "measured_dissolved_oxygen_qartod_results", "corrected_dissolved_oxygen", "corrected_dissolved_oxygen_qartod_results"more » « less
