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Abstract Mechanochemistry through high‐speed ball milling has become an increasingly popular method for performing organic transformations. This newfound interest in high‐speed ball milling is in part driven by the benefit of performing reactions in the absence of solvent. Mechanochemical reactions are often conducted in stainless‐steel vials with stainless‐steel balls. Since stainless steel is made of several readily oxidizable metals (Fe, Cr, and Ni), reduction reactions using water as a hydrogen source were explored using a temperature‐controlled mixer mill. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reduction proceeds via a single electron transfer (SET) pathway, with iron and nickel being essential components for the reaction.
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This content will become publicly available on June 1, 2026
Robust high-temperature atomic beam source with a microcapillary array
We present a new design for a directed high-flux, high-temperature atomic vapor source for use in atomic physics experiments conducted under vacuum. An externally heated nozzle made of an array of stainless steel microcapillaries produces a collimated atomic beam. Welded stainless steel construction allows for operation at high source temperatures without exposing delicate ConFlat vacuum flanges to thermal stress, greatly enhancing robustness compared to previously published designs. We report in operando performance measurements of an atomic beam of lithium at various operating temperatures.
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- Award ID(s):
- 2110584
- PAR ID:
- 10652024
- Publisher / Repository:
- AIP Publishing
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Review of Scientific Instruments
- Volume:
- 96
- Issue:
- 6
- ISSN:
- 0034-6748
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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