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Two Lab-on-Chip sensors, one measuring nitrate + nitrite (here after nitrate) and one measuring silicic acid (here after silicate), were deployed on the Ocean Observing Initiative (OOI) Southern Ocean Array surface mooring at a depth of approximately 12m on the near surface instrument frame in the southeast Pacific Ocean (-54 N, -89W). The nitrate sensor operated as expected for the full deployment period (6/12/2018 to 19/1/2020), collecting daily measurements. The silicate sensor operated as expected for almost ten months (until 1/10/2019), collecting up to four measurements per day. The OOI surface mooring was deployed in December 2018 on research cruise DY096 and recovered in January 2020 on research cruise DY112. The sensors and associated research cruises (DY096 and DY112) were supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) RoSES Carbon Uptake and Seasonal Trends in Antarctic Remineralisation Depth (CUSTARD) project. This material is based upon work supported by the Ocean Observatories Initiative, which is a major facility fully funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF). 

Bacteriophage therapy presents a promising avenue for combating antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. Yet, challenges exist, particularly, the lack of a straightforward purification pipeline suitable for widespread application to many phage types, as some phages are known to undergo significant titer loss when purified via current techniques. Electrokinetic methods offer a potential solution to this hurdle, with nonlinear electrophoresis emerging as a particularly appealing approach due to its ability to discern both the size and shape of the target phage particles. Presented herein is the electrokinetic characterization of the mobility of nonlinear electrophoresis for two phages (SPN3US and ϕKZ) and three types of polystyrene nanoparticles. The latter served as controls and were selected based on their sizes and surface charge magnitude. Particle tracking velocimetry experiments were conducted to characterize the mobility of all five particles included in this study. The results indicated that the selected nanoparticles effectively replicate the migration behavior of the two phages under electric fields. Further, it was found that there is a significant difference in the nonlinear electrophoretic response of phages and that of host cells, as first characterized in a previous report, illustrating that electrokinetic-based separations are feasible. The findings from this work are the first characterization of the behavior of phages under nonlinear electrophoresis effects and illustrate the potential for the development of electrokinetic-based phage purification techniques that could aid the advancement of bacteriophage therapy. 

Abstract The selective positioning and arrangement of distinct types of multiscale particles can be used in numerous applications in microfluidics, including integrated circuits, sensors and biochips. Electrokinetic (EK) techniques offer an extensive range of options for label‐free manipulation and patterning of colloidal particles by exploiting the intrinsic electrical properties of the target of interest. EK‐based techniques have been widely implemented in many recent studies, and various methodologies and microfluidic device designs have been developed to achieve patterning two‐ and three‐dimensional (3D) patterned structures. This review provides an overview of the progress in electropatterning research during the last 5 years in the microfluidics arena. This article discusses the advances in the electropatterning of colloids, droplets, synthetic particles, cells, and gels. Each subsection analyzes the manipulation of the particles of interest via EK techniques such as electrophoresis and dielectrophoresis. The conclusions summarize recent advances and provide an outlook on the future of electropatterning in various fields of application, especially those with 3D arrangements as their end goal. 

Abstract Invertebrate animals living at the seafloor make up a prominent component of life globally, spanning 10 orders of magnitude in body size over 71% of Earth's surface. However, integrating information across sizes and sampling methodologies has limited our understanding of the influence of natural variation, climate change and human activity. Here, we outline maturing practices that can underpin both the feasibility and impact of establishing Benthic Invertebrate Abundance and Distribution as a Global Ocean Observing System—Essential Ocean Variable, including: (1) quantifying individual body size, (2) identifying the well‐quantified portions of sampled body‐size spectra, (3) taking advantage of (semi‐)automated information processing, (4) application of metadata standards such as Darwin Core, and (5) making data available through internationally recognized access points. These practices enable broader‐scale analysis supporting research and sustainable development, such as assessments of indicator taxa, biodiversity, biomass, and the modeling of carbon stocks and flows that are contiguous over time and space.