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Kim, D.; Smith, R. F.; Ocampo, I. K.; Coppari, F.; Marshall, M. C.; Ginnane, M. K.; Wicks, J. K.; Tracy, S. J.; Millot, M.; Lazicki, A.; et al(
, Nature Communications)
Abstract There has been considerable recent interest in the high-pressure behavior of silicon carbide, a potential major constituent of carbon-rich exoplanets. In this work, the atomic-level structure of SiC was determined through in situ X-ray diffraction under laser-driven ramp compression up to 1.5 TPa; stresses more than seven times greater than previous static and shock data. Here we show that the B1-type structure persists over this stress range and we have constrained its equation of state (EOS). Using this data we have determined the first experimentally based mass-radius curves for a hypothetical pure SiC planet. Interior structure models are constructedmore »for planets consisting of a SiC-rich mantle and iron-rich core. Carbide planets are found to be ~10% less dense than corresponding terrestrial planets.« less
Free, publicly-accessible full text available December 1, 2023
Panopoulou, G. V.; Clark, S. E.; Hacar, A.; Heitsch, F.; Kainulainen, J.; Ntormousi, E.; Seifried, D.; Smith, R. J.(
, Astronomy & Astrophysics)
Context. Filamentary structures in nearby molecular clouds have been found to exhibit a characteristic width of 0.1 pc, as observed in dust emission. Understanding the origin of this universal width has become a topic of central importance in the study of molecular cloud structure and the early stages of star formation. Aims. We investigate how the recovered widths of filaments depend on the distance from the observer by using previously published results from the Herschel Gould Belt Survey. Methods. We obtained updated estimates on the distances to nearby molecular clouds observed with Herschel by using recent results based on 3Dmore »dust extinction mapping and Gaia . We examined the widths of filaments from individual clouds separately, as opposed to treating them as a single population. We used these per-cloud filament widths to search for signs of variation amongst the clouds of the previously published study. Results. We find a significant dependence of the mean per-cloud filament width with distance. The distribution of mean filament widths for nearby clouds is incompatible with that of farther away clouds. The mean per-cloud widths scale with distance approximately as 4−5 times the beam size. We examine the effects of resolution by performing a convergence study of a filament profile in the Herschel image of the Taurus Molecular Cloud. We find that resolution can severely affect the shapes of radial profiles over the observed range of distances. Conclusions. We conclude that the data are inconsistent with 0.1 pc being the universal characteristic width of filaments.« less
Free, publicly-accessible full text available January 1, 2023
Uelmen, J. A.; Irwin, P.; Brown, W. M.; Karki, S.; Ruiz, M. O.; Li, B.; Smith, R. L.(
, PLOS ONE)
Wen, Feng
(Ed.)
Background Since 1999, West Nile virus (WNV) has moved rapidly across the United States, resulting in tens of thousands of human cases. Both the number of human cases and the minimum infection rate (MIR) in vector mosquitoes vary across time and space and are driven by numerous abiotic and biotic forces, ranging from differences in microclimates to socio-demographic factors. Because the interactions among these multiple factors affect the locally variable risk of WNV illness, it has been especially difficult to model human disease risk across varying spatial and temporal scales. Cook and DuPage Counties, comprising the city of Chicago andmore »surrounding suburbs, experience some of the highest numbers of human neuroinvasive cases of WNV in the United States. Despite active mosquito control efforts, there is consistent annual WNV presence, resulting in more than 285 confirmed WNV human cases and 20 deaths from the years 2014–2018 in Cook County alone. Methods A previous Chicago-area WNV model identified the fifty-five most high and low risk locations in the Northwest Mosquito Abatement District (NWMAD), an enclave ¼ the size of the combined Cook and DuPage county area. In these locations, human WNV risk was stratified by model performance, as indicated by differences in studentized residuals. Within these areas, an additional two-years of field collections and data processing was added to a 12-year WNV dataset that includes human cases, MIR, vector abundance, and land-use, historical climate, and socio-economic and demographic variables, and was assessed by an ultra-fine-scale (1 km spatial x 1 week temporal resolution) multivariate logistic regression model. Results Multivariate statistical methods applied to the ultra-fine-scale model identified fewer explanatory variables while improving upon the fit of the previous model. Beyond MIR and climatic factors, efforts to acquire additional covariates only slightly improved model predictive performance. Conclusions These results suggest human WNV illness in the Chicago area may be associated with fewer, but increasingly critical, key variables at finer scales. Given limited resources, these findings suggest large variations in model performance occur, depending on covariate availability, and provide guidance in variable selection for optimal WNV human illness modeling.« less
Kraus, R. G.; Coppari, F.; Fratanduono, D. E.; Smith, R. F.; Lazicki, A.; Wehrenberg, C.; Eggert, J. H.; Rygg, J. R.; Collins, G. W.(
, Physical Review Letters)
Lazicki, A.; McGonegle, D.; Rygg, J. R.; Braun, D. G.; Swift, D. C.; Gorman, M. G.; Smith, R. F.; Heighway, P. G.; Higginbotham, A.; Suggit, M. J.; et al(
, Nature)
Graham, M. J.; Ford, K. E. S.; McKernan, B.; Ross, N. P.; Stern, D.; Burdge, K.; Coughlin, M.; Djorgovski, S. G.; Drake, A. J.; Duev, D.; et al(
, Physical Review Letters)
