An official website of the United States government
Abstract We introduce a new regularization model for incompressible fluid flow, which is a regularization of the EMAC (energy, momentum, and angular momentum conserving) formulation of the Navier–Stokes equations (NSE) that we call EMAC-Reg. The EMAC formulation has proved to be a useful formulation because it conserves energy, momentum, and angular momentum even when the divergence constraint is only weakly enforced. However, it is still a NSE formulation and so cannot resolve higher Reynolds number flows without very fine meshes. By carefully introducing regularization into the EMAC formulation, we create a model more suitable for coarser mesh computations but that still conserves the same quantities as EMAC, i.e., energy, momentum, and angular momentum. We show that EMAC-Reg, when semi-discretized with a finite element spatial discretization is well-posed and optimally accurate. Numerical results are provided that show EMAC-Reg is a robust coarse mesh model.
more »
« less
Feedback control of transitional flows: A framework for controller verification using quadratic constraints
The dynamics of incompressible fluid flows are governed by a non-normal linear dynamical system in feedback with a static energy-conserving nonlinearity. These dynamics can be altered using feedback control but verifying performance of a given control law can be challenging. The conventional approach is to perform a campaign of high-fidelity direct numerical simulations to assess performance over a wide range of parameters and disturbance scenarios. In this paper, we propose an alternative simulation-free approach for controller verification. The incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are modeled as a linear system in feedback with a static and quadratic nonlinearity. The energy conserving property of this nonlinearity can be expressed as a set of quadratic constraints on the system, which allows us to perform a nonlinear stability analysis of the fluid dynamics with minimal complexity. In addition, the Reynolds number variations only influence the linear dynamics in the Navier-Stokes equations. Therefore, the fluid flow can be modeled as a parameter-varying linear system (with Reynolds number as the parameter) in feedback with a quadratic nonlinearity. The quadratic constraint framework is used to determine the range of Reynolds numbers over which a given flow will be stable, without resorting to numerical simulations. We demonstrate the framework on a reduced-order model of plane Couette flow. We show that our proposed method allows us to determine the critical Reynolds number, largest initial disturbance, and a range of parameter variations over which a given controller will stabilize the nonlinear dynamics.
more »
« less
- Award ID(s):
- 1943988
- PAR ID:
- 10309420
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- AIAA AVIATION 2021 FORUM
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
More Like this
-
-
null (Ed.)A closed-loop control algorithm for the reduction of turbulent flow separation over NACA 0015 airfoil equipped with leading-edge synthetic jet actuators (SJAs) is presented. A system identification approach based on Nonlinear Auto-Regressive Moving Average with eXogenous inputs (NARMAX) technique was used to predict nonlinear dynamics of the fluid flow and for the design of the controller system. Numerical simulations based on URANS equations are performed at Reynolds number of 106 for various airfoil incidences with and without closed-loop control. The NARMAX model for flow over an airfoil is based on the static pressure data, and the synthetic jet actuator is developed using an incompressible flow model. The corresponding NARMAX identification model developed for the pressure data is nonlinear; therefore, the describing function technique is used to linearize the system within its frequency range. Low-pass filtering is used to obtain quasi-linear state values, which assist in the application of linear control techniques. The reference signal signifies the condition of a fully re-attached flow, and it is determined based on the linearization of the original signal during open-loop control. The controller design follows the standard proportional-integral (PI) technique for the single-input single-output system. The resulting closed-loop response tracks the reference value and leads to significant improvements in the transient response over the open-loop system. The NARMAX controller enhances the lift coefficient from 0.787 for the uncontrolled case to 1.315 for the controlled case with an increase of 67.1%.more » « less
-
We present numerical simulations of laminar and turbulent channel flow of an elastoviscoplastic fluid. The non-Newtonian flow is simulated by solving the full incompressible Navier–Stokes equations coupled with the evolution equation for the elastoviscoplastic stress tensor. The laminar simulations are carried out for a wide range of Reynolds numbers, Bingham numbers and ratios of the fluid and total viscosity, while the turbulent flow simulations are performed at a fixed bulk Reynolds number equal to 2800 and weak elasticity. We show that in the laminar flow regime the friction factor increases monotonically with the Bingham number (yield stress) and decreases with the viscosity ratio, while in the turbulent regime the friction factor is almost independent of the viscosity ratio and decreases with the Bingham number, until the flow eventually returns to a fully laminar condition for large enough yield stresses. Three main regimes are found in the turbulent case, depending on the Bingham number: for low values, the friction Reynolds number and the turbulent flow statistics only slightly differ from those of a Newtonian fluid; for intermediate values of the Bingham number, the fluctuations increase and the inertial equilibrium range is lost. Finally, for higher values the flow completely laminarizes. These different behaviours are associated with a progressive increases of the volume where the fluid is not yielded, growing from the centreline towards the walls as the Bingham number increases. The unyielded region interacts with the near-wall structures, forming preferentially above the high-speed streaks. In particular, the near-wall streaks and the associated quasi-streamwise vortices are strongly enhanced in an highly elastoviscoplastic fluid and the flow becomes more correlated in the streamwise direction.more » « less
-
We prove the existence of a weak solution to a fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problem between the flow of an incompressible, viscous fluid modeled by the Navier-Stokes equations, and a poroviscoelastic medium modeled by the Biot equations. The two are nonlinearly coupled over an interface with mass and elastic energy, modeled by a reticular plate equation, which is transparent to fluid flow. The existence proof is constructive, consisting of two steps. First, the existence of a weak solution to a regularized problem is shown. Next, a weak-classical consistency result is obtained, showing that the weak solution to the regularized problem converges, as the regularization parameter approaches zero, to a classical solution to the original problem, when such a classical solution exists. While the assumptions in the first step only require the Biot medium to be poroelastic, the second step requires additional regularity, namely, that the Biot medium is poroviscoelastic. This is the first weak solution existence result for an FSI problem with nonlinear coupling involving a Biot model for poro(visco)elastic media.more » « less
-
In this paper, we consider the numerical approximations for a hydrodynamical model of smectic-A liquid crystals. The model, derived from the variational approach of the modified Oseen– Frank energy, is a highly nonlinear system that couples the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations and a constitutive equation for the layer variable. We develop two linear, second order time marching schemes based on the Invariant Energy Quadratization method for nonlinear terms in the constitutive equation, the projection method for the Navier–Stokes equations, and some subtle implicit-explicit treatments for the convective and stress terms. Moreover, we prove the well-posedness of the linear system and their unconditionally energy stabilities rigorously. Various numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the stability and the accuracy of the numerical schemes in simulating the dynamics under shear flow and the magnetic field.more » « less
- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
-
Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Conference Paper:
- https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-2825
