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1. Adaptive neural network for quantum error mitigation

   https://doi.org/10.1007/s42484-024-00234-4  

   Adeniyi, Temitope_Bolaji; Kumar, Sathish_A_P (January 2025, Quantum Machine Intelligence)

   Abstract Quantum computing holds transformative promise, but its realization is hindered by the inherent susceptibility of quantum computers to errors. Quantum error mitigation has proved to be an enabling way to reduce computational error in present noisy intermediate scale quantum computers. This research introduces an innovative approach to quantum error mitigation by leveraging machine learning, specifically employing adaptive neural networks. With experiment and simulations done on 127-qubit IBM superconducting quantum computer, we were able to develop and train a neural network architecture to dynamically adjust output expectation values based on error characteristics. The model leverages a prior classifier module outcome on simulated quantum circuits with errors, and the antecedent neural network regression module adapts its parameters and response to each error characteristics. Results demonstrate the adaptive neural network’s efficacy in mitigating errors across diverse quantum circuits and noise models, showcasing its potential to surpass traditional error mitigation techniques with an accuracy of 99% using the fully adaptive neural network for quantum error mitigation. This work presents a significant application of classical machine learning methods towards enhancing the robustness and reliability of quantum computations, providing a pathway for the practical realization of quantum computing technologies. 

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2. Cyber Threat Intelligence Discovery using Machine Learning from the Dark Web

   https://doi.org/10.58729/1941-6687.1436  

   Zenebe, Azene (January 2022, Communications of the IIMA)

   Cyber threat intelligence (CTI) is an actionable information or insight an organization uses to understand potential vulnerabilities it does have and threats it is facing. One important CTI for proactive cyber defense is exploit type with possible values system, web, network, website or Mobile. This study compares the performance of machine learning algorithms in predicating exploit types using form posts in the dark web, which is a semi- structured dataset collected from dark web. The study uses the CRISP data science approach. The results of the study show that machine learning algorithms which are function-based including support vector machine and deep-learning using artificial neural network are more accurate than those algorithms which are based on tree including Random Forest and Decision-Tree for CTI discovery from semi-structured dataset. Future research will include the use of high-performance computing and advanced deep-learning algorithms. 

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3. Data from: Predictive links between petal color and pigment quantities in natural Penstemon hybrids

   https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vhhmgqp09  

   Stevens, Joshua; Wheeler, Lucas; Williams, Noah; Norton, Alice; Wessinger, Carolyn (January 2023, Dryad)

   Flowers have evolved remarkable diversity in petal color, in large part due to pollinator-mediated selection. This diversity arises from specialized metabolic pathways that generate conspicuous pigments. Despite the clear link between flower color and floral pigment production, studies determining predictive relationships between pigmentation and petal color are currently lacking. In this study, we analyze a dataset consisting of hundreds of natural Penstemon hybrids that exhibit variation in flower color, including blue, purple, pink, and red. For each individual hybrid, we measured anthocyanin pigment content and petal spectral reflectance. We found that floral pigment quantities are correlated with hue, chroma, and brightness as calculated from petal spectral reflectance data: hue is related to the relative amounts of delphinidin vs. pelargonidin pigmentation, whereas brightness and chroma are correlated with the total anthocyanin pigmentation. We used a partial least squares regression approach to identify predictive relationships between pigment production and petal reflectance. We find that pigment quantity data provide robust predictions of petal reflectance, confirming a pervasive assumption that differences in pigmentation should predictably influence flower color. Moreover, we find that reflectance data enables accurate inferences of pigment quantities, where the full reflectance spectra provide much more accurate inference of pigment quantities than spectral attributes (brightness, chroma, and hue). Our predictive framework provides readily interpretable model coefficients relating spectral attributes of petal reflectance to underlying pigment quantities. These relationships represent key links between genetic changes affecting anthocyanin production and ecological functions of petal coloration. 

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4. Improving the local climate zone classification with building height, imperviousness, and machine learning for urban models

   https://doi.org/10.1007/s43762-022-00046-x  

   Fung, Kwun Yip; Yang, Zong-Liang; Niyogi, Dev (December 2022, Computational Urban Science)

   Abstract The Local Climate Zone (LCZ) classification is already widely used in urban heat island and other climate studies. The current classification method does not incorporate crucial urban auxiliary GIS data on building height and imperviousness that could significantly improve urban-type LCZ classification utility as well as accuracy. This study utilized a hybrid GIS- and remote sensing imagery-based framework to systematically compare and evaluate different machine and deep learning methods. The Convolution Neural Network (CNN) classifier outperforms in terms of accuracy, but it requires multi-pixel input, which reduces the output’s spatial resolution and creates a tradeoff between accuracy and spatial resolution. The Random Forest (RF) classifier performs best among the single-pixel classifiers. This study also shows that incorporating building height dataset improves the accuracy of the high- and mid-rise classes in the RF classifiers, whereas an imperviousness dataset improves the low-rise classes. The single-pass forward permutation test reveals that both auxiliary datasets dominate the classification accuracy in the RF classifier, while near-infrared and thermal infrared are the dominating features in the CNN classifier. These findings show that the conventional LCZ classification framework used in the World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools (WUDAPT) can be improved by adopting building height and imperviousness information. This framework can be easily applied to different cities to generate LCZ maps for urban models. 

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5. Building a Novel Ensemble Learning – Based Prediction Framework for Diagnosis of Coronary Heart Disease

   Abdullah Algahtani, Hoda El-Sayed (September 2022, International journal of intelligent systems and applications in engineering)

   Abstract:The newer technologies such as data mining, machine learning, artificial intelligence and data analytics have revolutionized medical sector in terms of using the existing big data to predict the various patterns emerging from the datasets available inthe healthcare repositories. The predictions based on the existing datasets in the healthcare sector have rendered several benefits such as helping clinicians to make accurate and informed decisions while managing the patients’ health leading to better management of patients’ wellbeing and health-care coordination. The millions of people have been affected by the coronary artery disease (CAD). There are several machine learning including ensemble learning approach and deep neural networks-based algorithms have shown promising outcomes in improving prediction accuracy for early diagnosis of CAD. This paper analyses the deep neural network variant DRN, Rider Optimization Algorithm-Neural network (RideNN) and Deep Neural Network-Fuzzy Neural Network (DNFN) with application of ensemble learning method for improvement in the prediction accuracy of CAD. The experimental outcomes showed the proposed ensemble classifier achieved the highest accuracy compared to the other machine learning models. Keywords:Heart disease prediction, Deep Residual Network (DRN), Ensemble classifiers, coronary artery disease. 

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