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1. Considerations for Designing Private and Inexpensive Smart Cities

   DeHart, J.; Baker, C.E.; Grant, C. (January 2021, IARIA The Sixteenth International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications (ICWMC 2020))

   null (Ed.)

   The expectation of people and futurists is that all respectable cities will become Smart Cities in the near future. Two main barriers stand in the way of the evolution of cities. First is cost, the transformation into a smart city is expensive (e.g., between $30 Million and $40 Billion) and only a few cities are able to obtain the resources required for upgrades. Second, many citizens equate the data collection and surveillance of smart city technology with aggressive infringements on privacy. In this paper, we describe how citizens, city planners, and companies can develop smart cities that do not require crippling loans and are respectful of privacy. 

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2. Model Policy: Privacy Impact Assessment

   Finch, Kelsey; Mattmiller, Michael (November 2020, G20 Global Smart Cities Alliance)

   null (Ed.)

   The Future of Privacy Forum (FPF) co-led a task force of experts to develop a Model Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) Policy for governments and communities that are considering sharing personal data collected from “smart city” solutions. This Model PIA Policy was developed as part of the G20 Global Smart Cities Alliance on Technology Governance, a partnership of leading international organizations and city networks working to source tried-and-tested policy approaches to govern the use of smart city technologies. Its institutional partners represent more than 200,000 cities and local governments, leading companies, startups, research institutions, and civil society communities. 

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3. When does data collection and use become a matter of concern? A cross cultural comparison of American and Dutch people’s privacy attitudes.

   Liao, Y. (January 2020, Annals of the International Communication Association)

   Around the world, people increasingly generate data through their everyday activities. Much of this also happens unwittingly, thanks to sensors, cameras, and other surveillance tools on the roads, in cities, and in businesses. However, the ways citizens and governments think about privacy vary significantly around the world. In this paper, we explore differences between citizens’ attitudes toward privacy and data collection practices in the U.S. and the Netherlands, an EU member nation. Using a factorial vignette survey methodology, we identify specific contextual factors associated with people’s level of concern about how their data is being used. We consider the role that five factors play in this assessment: actors (those using data), data type and amount, reported purpose for data use, and inferences drawn from the data. These indicate nationally bound differences but likewise point to potentially more globally shared concerns. 

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4. The smart building privacy challenge

   https://doi.org/10.1145/3486611.3492234  

   Wu, Tong; Aldeer, Murtadha; Chowdhury, Tahiya; Haynes, Amber; Nikseresht, Fateme; Varnosfaderani, Mahsa Pahlavikhah; Gao, Jiechao; Heydarian, Arsalan; Campbell, Brad; Ortiz, Jorge (November 2021, BuildSys '21: Proceedings of the 8th ACM International Conference on Systems for Energy-Efficient Buildings, Cities, and Transportation)

   Time-series data gathered from smart spaces hide user's personal information that may arise privacy concerns. However, these data are needed to enable desired services. In this paper, we propose a privacy preserving framework based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) that supports sensor-based applications while preserving the user identity. Experiments with two datasets show that the proposed model can reduce the inference of the user's identity while inferring the occupancy with a high level of accuracy. 

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5. MXenes: Multifunctional Materials for the Smart Cities of Tomorrow

   https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202409953  

   Purbayanto, Muhammad_A_K; Presser, Volker; Skarżyński, Kacper; Słoma, Marcin; Naguib, Michael; Jastrzębska, Agnieszka_M (September 2024, Advanced Functional Materials)

   Abstract Currently, over 60% of the world's population lives in cities. Urban living has many advantages but there are also challenges regarding the need for smart urbanization. The next generation of tunable 2D nanomaterials, called MXenes, is the critical enabling technology that can bring the current urban thinking to the next level, called a smart city. The smart city is a novel concept based on a framework of self‐sufficient technologies that are interactive and responsive to citizens’ needs. In this perspective, MXene‐enabled technologies for sustainable urban development are discussed. They can advance self‐sufficient, adaptive, and responsive buildings that can minimize resource consumption, solving the deficiency of essential resources such as clean energy, water, and air. MXenes are at the cutting edge of technological limitations associated with the Internet of Things (IoT) and telemedicine, combining diverse properties and offering multitasking. It is foreseen that MXenes can have a bright future in contributing to the smart city concept. Therefore, the roadmap is presented for demonstrating the practical feasibility of MXenes in the smart city. Altogether, this study promotes the role of MXenes in advancing the well‐being of citizens by raising the quality of urban living to the next level. 

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