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In this study, the use of a closo-borate salt as an electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries (LIB) was evaluated in a series of solvent systems. The lithium closo-borate salts are a unique class of halogen-free salts that have the potential to offer some advantages over the halogenated salts currently employed in commercially available LIB due to their chemical and thermal stability. To evaluate this concept, three different solvent systems were prepared with a lithium closo-borate salt to make a liquid electrolyte (propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate:dimethyl carbonate, and 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide). The closo-borate containing electrolytes were then compared by utilizing them with three different electroactive electrode materials. Their cycle stability and performance at various charge/discharge rates was also investigated. Based on the symmetrical cell and galvanostaic cycling studies it was determined that the carbonate based liquid electrolytes performed better than the ionic liquid electrolyte. This work demonstrates that halogen free closo-borate salts are interesting candidates and worthy of further investigation as lithium salts for LIB.
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Closo ‐Borate Gel Polymer Electrolyte with Remarkable Electrochemical Stability and a Wide Operating Temperature Window
Abstract A major challenge in the pursuit of higher‐energy‐density lithium batteries for carbon‐neutral‐mobility is electrolyte compatibility with a lithium metal electrode. This study demonstrates the robust and stable nature of acloso‐borate based gel polymer electrolyte (GPE), which enables outstanding electrochemical stability and capacity retention upon extensive cycling. The GPE developed herein has an ionic conductivity of 7.3 × 10−4 S cm−2at room temperature and stability over a wide temperature range from −35 to 80 °C with a high lithium transference number ( = 0.51). Multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared are used to understand the solvation environment and interaction between the GPE components. Density functional theory calculations are leveraged to gain additional insight into the coordination environment and support spectroscopic interpretations. The GPE is also established to be a suitable electrolyte for extended cycling with four different active electrode materials when paired with a lithium metal electrode. The GPE can also be incorporated into a flexible battery that is capable of being cut and still functional. The incorporation of acloso‐borate into a gel polymer matrix represents a new direction for enhancing the electrochemical and physical properties of this class of materials.
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- Award ID(s):
- 2137973
- PAR ID:
- 10444962
- Publisher / Repository:
- Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Advanced Science
- Volume:
- 9
- Issue:
- 16
- ISSN:
- 2198-3844
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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