The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is a network of interconnected medical devices, wearables, and sensors integrated into healthcare systems. It enables real-time data collection and transmission using smart medical devices with trackers and sensors. IoMT offers various benefits to healthcare, including remote patient monitoring, improved precision, and personalized medicine, enhanced healthcare efficiency, cost savings, and advancements in telemedicine. However, with the increasing adoption of IoMT, securing sensitive medical data becomes crucial due to potential risks such as data privacy breaches, compromised health information integrity, and cybersecurity threats to patient information. It is necessary to consider existing security mechanisms and protocols and identify vulnerabilities. The main objectives of this paper aim to identify specific threats, analyze the effectiveness of security measures, and provide a solution to protect sensitive medical data. In this paper, we propose an innovative approach to enhance security management for sensitive medical data using blockchain technology and smart contracts within the IoMT ecosystem. The proposed system aims to provide a decentralized and tamper-resistant plat- form that ensures data integrity, confidentiality, and controlled access. By integrating blockchain into the IoMT infrastructure, healthcare organizations can significantly enhance the security and privacy of sensitive medical data. 
                        more » 
                        « less   
                    
                            
                            ACGAN for Addressing the Security Challenges in IoT-Based Healthcare System
                        
                    
    
            The continuous evolution of the IoT paradigm has been extensively applied across various application domains, including air traffic control, education, healthcare, agriculture, transportation, smart home appliances, and others. Our primary focus revolves around exploring the applications of IoT, particularly within healthcare, where it assumes a pivotal role in facilitating secure and real-time remote patient-monitoring systems. This innovation aims to enhance the quality of service and ultimately improve people’s lives. A key component in this ecosystem is the Healthcare Monitoring System (HMS), a technology-based framework designed to continuously monitor and manage patient and healthcare provider data in real time. This system integrates various components, such as software, medical devices, and processes, aimed at improvi1g patient care and supporting healthcare providers in making well-informed decisions. This fosters proactive healthcare management and enables timely interventions when needed. However, data transmission in these systems poses significant security threats during the transfer process, as malicious actors may attempt to breach security protocols.This jeopardizes the integrity of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) and ultimately endangers patient safety. Two feature sets—biometric and network flow metric—have been incorporated to enhance detection in healthcare systems. Another major challenge lies in the scarcity of publicly available balanced datasets for analyzing diverse IoMT attack patterns. To address this, the Auxiliary Classifier Generative Adversarial Network (ACGAN) was employed to generate synthetic samples that resemble minority class samples. ACGAN operates with two objectives: the discriminator differentiates between real and synthetic samples while also predicting the correct class labels. This dual functionality ensures that the discriminator learns detailed features for both tasks. Meanwhile, the generator produces high-quality samples that are classified as real by the discriminator and correctly labeled by the auxiliary classifier. The performance of this approach, evaluated using the IoMT dataset, consistently outperforms the existing baseline model across key metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, area under curve (AUC), and confusion matrix results. 
        more » 
        « less   
        
    
                            - Award ID(s):
- 2101181
- PAR ID:
- 10565310
- Publisher / Repository:
- MDPI
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Sensors
- Volume:
- 24
- Issue:
- 20
- ISSN:
- 1424-8220
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 6601
- Subject(s) / Keyword(s):
- accuracy ensemble predictive discriminator generator IoMT healthcare
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
More Like this
- 
            
- 
            The rapid adoption of Internet-of-Medical-Things (IoMT) has revolutionized e-health systems, particularly in remote patient monitoring. With the growing adoption of Internet-of-Medical-Things (IoMT) in delivering technologically advanced health services, the security of Medtronic devices is pivotal as the security and privacy of data from these devices are directly related to patient safety. PUF has been the most widely adopted hardware security primitive which has been successfully integrated with various Internet-of-Things (IoT) based applications, particularly in smart healthcare for facilitating device security. To facilitate security and access control to IoMT devices, this work proposes a novel cybersecurity solution using PUF for facilitating global access to IoMT devices. The proposed framework presents an approach that enables the patient’s body area network devices supported by PUF to be securely accessible and controllable globally. The proposed cybersecurity solution has been experimentally validated using state-of-the-art SRAM PUF, a delay based PUF, and a trusted platform module (TPM) primitive.more » « less
- 
            This article presents a novel hardware-assisted distributed ledger-based solution for simultaneous device and data security in smart healthcare. This article presents a novel architecture that integrates PUF, blockchain, and Tangle for Security-by-Design (SbD) of healthcare cyber–physical systems (H-CPSs). Healthcare systems around the world have undergone massive technological transformation and have seen growing adoption with the advancement of Internet-of-Medical Things (IoMT). The technological transformation of healthcare systems to telemedicine, e-health, connected health, and remote health is being made possible with the sophisticated integration of IoMT with machine learning, big data, artificial intelligence (AI), and other technologies. As healthcare systems are becoming more accessible and advanced, security and privacy have become pivotal for the smooth integration and functioning of various systems in H-CPSs. In this work, we present a novel approach that integrates PUF with IOTA Tangle and blockchain and works by storing the PUF keys of a patient’s Body Area Network (BAN) inside blockchain to access, store, and share globally. Each patient has a network of smart wearables and a gateway to obtain the physiological sensor data securely. To facilitate communication among various stakeholders in healthcare systems, IOTA Tangle’s Masked Authentication Messaging (MAM) communication protocol has been used, which securely enables patients to communicate, share, and store data on Tangle. The MAM channel works in the restricted mode in the proposed architecture, which can be accessed using the patient’s gateway PUF key. Furthermore, the successful verification of PUF enables patients to securely send and share physiological sensor data from various wearable and implantable medical devices embedded with PUF. Finally, healthcare system entities like physicians, hospital admin networks, and remote monitoring systems can securely establish communication with patients using MAM and retrieve the patient’s BAN PUF keys from the blockchain securely. Our experimental analysis shows that the proposed approach successfully integrates three security primitives, PUF, blockchain, and Tangle, providing decentralized access control and security in H-CPS with minimal energy requirements, data storage, and response time.more » « less
- 
            The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is a rapidly growing community of intelligent medical technologies dedicated to sensing, monitoring, and reporting patient vitals, often with the intent of communicating findings with healthcare professionals (HCPs). For the past two summers, 2020 and 2021, four undergraduate electrical/computer engineering and computer science students, and two high school STEM teachers, worked with two graduate student mentors to explore various IoMT use cases via their participation in a Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) and Teachers (RET) program. During both summers, the REU/RET program was conducted remotely over nine weeks, not including pre-summer engagement activities. These pre-summer activities were designed to promote and encourage healthy mentor-mentee interactions while also providing an additional opportunity for participants to acclimate to their research projects before the program start. Throughout this work, participants were able to gain or further develop skills in some of the following areas: Ethical Hacking, Data Science, Intrusion Detection Systems, Linux, Machine Learning, Networking, and Python, as well as interact with a designated smart device and testing environment. In the first summer, participants were assigned a smart glucose meter and tasked with 1) exploiting the potential threats associated with installing smart devices onto unsecured network configurations via address resolution protocol (ARP) poisoning, and 2) exploring social engineering tactics through cloning the device user application. Additionally, in the following summer, participants became acquainted with an existing IoMT dataset, developing an intrusion detection system (IDS) to accurately distinguish between normal and abnormal network packets due to a deployed Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attack. The outputs of this work include: both sets of participants preparing verbal presentations, including demonstrations, and written papers outlining their results and experiences. After the project, participants should understand and implement a set of guidelines for utilizing IoMT devices more securely and with added privacy.more » « less
- 
            null (Ed.)Conditional generative models enjoy remarkable progress over the past few years. One of the popular conditional models is Auxiliary Classifier GAN (AC-GAN), which generates highly discriminative images by extending the loss function of GAN with an auxiliary classifier. However, the diversity of the generated samples by AC-GAN tends to decrease as the number of classes increases, hence limiting its power on large-scale data. In this paper, we identify the source of the low diversity issue theoretically and propose a practical solution to solve the problem. We show that the auxiliary classifier in AC-GAN imposes perfect separability, which is disadvantageous when the supports of the class distributions have significant overlap. To address the issue, we propose Twin Auxiliary Classifiers Generative Adversarial Net (TAC-GAN) that further benefits from a new player that interacts with other players (the generator and the discriminator) in GAN. Theoretically, we demonstrate that TAC-GAN can effectively minimize the divergence between the generated and real-data distributions. Extensive experimental results show that our TAC-GAN can successfully replicate the true data distributions on simulated data, and significantly improves the diversity of class-conditional image generation on real datasets.more » « less
 An official website of the United States government
An official website of the United States government 
				
			 
					 
					
 
                                    