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Building interactive data interfaces is hard because the design of an interface depends on the data processing needs for the underlying analysis task, yet we do not have a good representation for analysis tasks. To fill this gap, this paper advocates for a Data Interface Grammar (DIG) as an intermediate representation of analysis tasks. We show that DIG is compatible with existing data engineering practices, compact to represent any analysis, simple to translate into an interface design, and amenable to offline analysis. We further illustrate the potential benefits of this abstraction, such as automatic interface generation, automatic interface backend optimization, tutorial generation, and workload generation.more » « less
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We present a novel multi-level representation of time series called OM3 that facilitates efficient interactive progressive visualization of large data stored in a database and supports various interactions such as resizing, panning, zooming, and visual query. Based on our proposed line-segment aggregation, this representation can produce error-free line visualizations that preserve the shape of a time series in windows of arbitrary sizes. To reduce the interaction latency, we develop an incremental tree-based query strategy to support progressive visualizations, allowing a finer control on the accuracy-time tradeoff. We quantitatively compare OM3 with state-of-the-art methods, including a method implemented on a leading time-series database InfluxDB, in two settings with databases residing either in the local area network or on the cloud. Results show that OM^3 maintains a low latency within 300~ms on the web browser and a high data reduction ratio regardless of the data size (ranging from millions to billions of records), achieving around 1,000 times faster than the state-of-the-art methods on the largest dataset experimented with.
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null (Ed.)Latency is, unfortunately, a reality when working with large data sets. Guaranteeing imperceptible latency for interactivity is often prohibitively expensive: the application developer may be forced to migrate data processing engines or deal with complex error bounds on samples, and to limit the application to users with high network bandwidth. Instead of relying on the backend, we propose a simple UX design-interaction snapshots. Responses of requests from the interactions are asynchronously loaded in "snapshots". With interaction snapshots, users can interact concurrently while the snapshots load. Our user study participants found it useful not to have to wait for each result and easily navigate to prior snapshots. For latency up to 5 seconds, participants were able to complete extrema, threshold, and trend identification tasks with little negative impact.more » « less